FIELD  MUSEUM 

OF 

NATURAL  HISTORY 

MANUAL 


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OF  THE 
I'VVERSITY  OF 


FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 


MANUAL 


CHICAGO,  U.  S.  A. 

NOVEMBER.  1922 


OFFICERS 

STANLEY  FIELD,  President. 

MARTIN  A.  RYERSON,  First  V ice-President. 

WATSON  F.  BLAIR,  Second  V ice-President. 

ALBERT  A.  SPRAGUE,  Third  V 'ice-President. 
D.  C.  DAVIES,  Secretary. 

CEORGE  MANIERRE,  Assistant  Secretary. 
SOLOMON  A.  SMITH,  Treasurer. 

THE  BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES 

EDWARD  E.  AYEK.  ALBERT  W.  HARRIS. 

WATSON  F.  BLAIR.  ARTHUR  B.  JONES. 

JOHN  BORDEN.  CHAUNCEY  KEEP. 

HARRY  E.  BYBAM  CYRUS  H.  MCCORMICK 

WILLIAM  J.  CHALMERS.  GEORGE  MANIERRE. 

UICHARD  T.  CRANE,  JR.  MARTIN  A.  RYERSON. 

D.  C.  DAVIES.  JAMES  SIMPSON. 

MARSHALL  FIELD  SOLOMON  A.  SMITH. 

STANLEY  FIELD.  ALBERT  A.  SPBAGUE. 

ERNEST  R.  GRAHAM.  WILLIAM  WRIGLEY,  JR. 

HONORARY  TRUSTEE 

OWEN  F.  ALOIS. 


Page  Two 


ADMINISTRATIVE  AND  SCIENTIFIC  STAFF  OF  THE  MUSEUM 

DIRECTOR 

5  0  ~j  D.  C.  DAVIES 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ANTHROPOLOGY 

--"  *)  5  *f\  BERTHOLD  LAUFER,  Curator 

Assistant  Curators 
CHARLES  L.  OWEN — Archaeology 
FAY-COOPER  COLE — Malayan  Ethnology 
ALBERT  B.  LEWIS — African  and  Melanesian  Ethnology 
J.  ALDEN  MASON — Mexican  and  South  American  Archaeology 
HELEN  C.  GUNSAULUS — Japanese  Ethnology 
RALPH  LINTON — North  American  Ethnology 

§  DEPARTMENT  OF  BOTANY 

CHARLES  F.  MILLSPAUGH,  Curator 
B.  E.  DAHLGREN,  Associate  Curator — Economic  Botany 

Assistant  Curator 
J.  FRANCIS  MACBRIDE — Taxonomy 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GEOLOGY 

O.  C.  FARRINGTON,  Curator 

HENRY  W.  NICHOLS,  Associate  Curator 

ELMER  S.  RIGGS,  Associate  Curator  of  Paleontology 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ZOOLOGY 

WILFRED  H.  OSGOOD,  Curator 

WILLIAM  J.  GERHARD,  Associate  Curator  of  Insects 

C.  E.  HELLMAYR,  Associate  Curator  of  Birds 

Assistant  Curators 
EDMOND  N.  GUERET — Osteology 
R.  MAGOON  BARNES — Oology 
ALFRED  C.  WEED — Fishes 
EDMUND  HELLER — Mammals 
JOHN  T.  ZIMMER — Birds 
KARL  P.  SCHMIDT — Reptiles  and  Amphibians 

Division  of  Taxidermy 
JULIUS  FRIESSER,  in  charge 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  N.  W.  HARRIS  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  EXTENSION 

S.  C.  SIMMS,  Curator 

THE  LIBRARY 

ELSIE  LIPPINCOTT,  Librarian 

EMILY  M.  WILCOXSON,  Assistant  Librarian 

RECORDER  GUIDE  LECTURER  AUDITOR 

H.  F.  DITZEL  DOROTHY  A.  ROBERTS  BENJ.  BRIDGE 

SECTION  OF  PRINTING 

U.  A.  DOHMEN,  in  charge 

SECTION  OF  PHOTOGRAPHY  AND  ILLUSTRATION 

C.  H.  CARPENTER,  Photographer  CARL  F.  GRONEMANN,  Artist 

A.  A.  MILLER,  Photogravurist 

SUPERINTENDENT  OF  MAINTENANCE  CHIEF  ENGINEER 

JOHN  E.  GLYNN  W.  H.  CORNING 

Page  Three 


\ 02 I 060 


"Oh  mickle  is  the  pow'rful  good  that  lies 
"In  herbs,  trees,  stones,  and  their  true  qualities: 
"For  nought  so  vile  that  on  the  earth  doth  live, 
"But  to  the  earth  some  secret  good  doth  give. 
"And  nought  so  rich  on  either  rock  or  shelf, 
"But,  if  unknown,  lies  uselesse  to  itself. 
"Therefore  who  thus  doth  make  their  secrets  known 
"Doth  profit  others,  and  not  hurt  his  own." 

Romeo  &  Juliet,  Act  II,  Scene  III. 


Page  Four 


FOREWORD 

This  review  has  been  prepared  in  order  to  supply  a 
constant  demand  for  information  concerning  the 
foundation,  the  endowments,  and  the  activities  of  the 
Museum.  It  contains  brief  references  to  the  exhibits 
in  the  departments  of  Anthropology,  Botany,  Geology 
and  Zoology,  the  activities  of  the  N.  W.  Harris  Public 
School  Extension,  and  the  Library  of  the  Institution. 
A  list  of  contributors  to  the  Museum,  and  a  short 
account  of  the  more  important  expeditions  undertaken, 
are  also  given. 

The  Museum  is  the  property,  by  free  gift,  of  the 
people  of  Chicago.  It  is  the  aim  and  ambition  of  the 
Trustees  and  Staff  to  maintain  high  standards  of 
museum  technique  and  efficiency,  and  to  develop,  still 
further,  the  educational  influence  of  the  institution. 
It  is  realized  that  a  well  conducted  and  equipped 
natural  history  museum  is  a  people's  university;  a 
means  of  culture  and  recreation. 

D.  C.  DAVIES,  DIRECTOR. 

November  1,  1922. 


Page  Five 


FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 


FOUNDATION  AND  EARLY  DEVELOPMENT 

The  story  of  the  phenomenal  rise  of  Chicago  as  a 

commercial  and  industrial  center  is  a  romance  that 

,has  few  equals  in  the  history  of  the  cities  of  the  world. 

:It  is  too  well  known  to  need  repetition  here.    As  far 

;back,  however,  as  the  early  eighties,  there  existed  a 

i  feeling  among  a  group  of  public  spirited  citizens,  who 

had  the  best  interests  of  the  city  at  heart,  that  the 

growth  was  not  proportional.     They  were  conscious 

that,  to  secure  the  future  welfare  of  the  community, 

proper  facilities  for  popular  education  and  culture 

should  be  provided.     This  feeling  crystalized  into  a 

determination  to  construct  and  equip  a  great  Museum 

which  would  make  science  and  knowledge,  in  their  most 

interesting  and  fascinating  form,  accessible  to  every 

member  of  the  community. 

In  1891  preliminary  steps  were  taken  to  attain  this 
end,  and  the  Columbian  Historical  Association  was 
formed.  The  preparations  for,  and  the  holding  of  the 
World's  Fair  in  1893  caused  the  project  to  remain  in 
abeyance  for  a  time ;  but  on  August  llth  of  that  year 
the  Directors  of  the  Exposition  appointed  a  committee 
composed  of  George  R.  Davis,  H.  N.  Higinbotham  and 
James  W.  Scott  to  form  a  nucleus  of  representative 
citizens  who  were  interested  in  the  matter.  This  re- 
sulted in  the  formation,  on  August  21st,  1893,  of  "The 
Columbian  Museum  of  Chicago"  and  articles  for  its 
incorporation  were  prepared. 

Page  Seven 


The  number  and  the  value  of  the  exhibits  shown 
at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  and  their  fitness 
for  museum  purposes,  was  an  opportunity  to  establish 
a  museum  on  a  large  and  liberal  scale,  of  which  the 
committee  was  not  slow  to  avail  itself.  The  great 
nations  of  the  world,  after  a  long  period  of  peace  and 
prosperity,  had  reached  a  high  state  of  artistic  and 
industrial  development.  The  competition  and  rivalry 
resulted  in  each  nation  producing  and  exhibiting  its 
best;  the  display  of  material  was  consequently 
unsurpassed.  The  pioneers  of  the  Museum  deter- 
mined that  the  most  important  and  valuable  of  these 
exhibits  must  remain  in  Chicago. 

The  task  of  acquiring  valuable  collections  was 
conducted  with  great  zeal;  but  the  expense  was 
great,  and  it  was  not  until  October  26th,  when  it  was 
announced  that  Marshall  Field  had  given  one  million 
dollars  to  the  institution,  that  the  future  of  the 
Museum  was  assured.  Two  days  later,  George  M. 
Pullman  and  Harlow  N.  Higinbotham  each  subscribed 
one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  Mrs.  Mary  D. 
Sturges  gave  fifty  thousand  dollars.  Holders  of  stock 
in  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  gave  shares  to 
a  par  value  of  one  million,  five  hundred  thousand 
dollars. 

Several  valuable  collections  were  then  purchased 
and  numerous  gifts  of  exhibition  material  were  re- 
ceived. The  first  notable  contribution  of  this  character 
was  that  of  Mr.  Edward  E.  Ayer,  who  presented  his 
anthropological  collection  valued  at  over  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars. 

The  Palace  of  Art,  most  beautiful  of  the  World's 
Fair  buildings,  was  secured  as  a  temporary  home  for 

Page  Eight 


the  Museum,  and  the  exhibits  were  assembled  in  this 
building.  Frederick  J.  V.  Skiff  was  given  temporary 
charge  of  the  onerous  task  of  classifying  the  great 
mass  of  material,  and  was  later  made  Director.  The 
exhibits  were  practically  installed  by  May  1st,  1894; 
and  on  May  21st,  the  Trustees  changed  the  name  to 
"Field  Columbian  Museum."  The  doors  were  opened 
to  the  public  for  the  first  time  on  June  2nd,  1894. 

With  the  Museum  an  accomplished  fact,  the  Trus- 
tees began  the  work  of  development,  in  the  course  of 
which  it  was  found  advisable  to  make  a  number  of 
changes  in  the  original  plans.  At  the  time  the  Museum 
opened,  its  main  purposes  were:  "the  accumulation 
and  dissemination  of  knowledge,  and  the  collection  and 
preservation  of  objects  illustrating  the  various  phases 
of  Art,  Archaeology,  Science  and  History."  Under 
this  plan,  however,  the  collections  rapidly  grew  to 
such  proportions  that  the  Trustees  finally  decided  it 
would  be  advisable  to  limit  the  collections  to  the 
sciences  of  Anthropology,  Botany,  Geology  and 
Zoology.  As  a  result  of  this  decision,  there  was  a 
general  readjustment,  and  much  valuable  material 
was  distributed  among  other  institutions.  The  name 
was  then  changed  to  that  used  today,  Field  Museum  of 
Natural  History. 

Although  the  exhibits  were  only  placed  in  the  old 
World's  Fair  Building  temporarily,  it  was  twenty- 
seven  years  before  they  were  finally  housed  in  the  mag- 
nificent structure  which  is  now  their  permanent  home. 

Mr.  Marshall  Field's  interest  in  the  Museum  never 
flagged,  and  his  earnestness  was  demonstrated  in  his 
will,  which  provided  a  bequest  of  eight  million  dollars, 
one  half  of  which  was  for  an  endowment  fund,  and  one 

Page  Nine 


half  for  a  building,  the  plans  of  which  were  completed 
and  approved  before  Mr.  Field's  death  in  1906.  By 
the  terms  of  the  bequest,  the  city  of  Chicago  was  to 
provide  the  site  for  the  new  building ;  and  the  location 
finally  chosen  was  at  the  foot  of  Roosevelt  Road,  on  the 
Lake  front,  a  spot  easily  accessible  from  all  parts  of 
the  city.  The  construction  of  the  building  was  begun 
in  1915  and  completed  in  1920. 

Transportation  of  the  exhibits  from  the  old  build- 
ing to  the  new,  a  distance  of  six  miles,  was  a  task  of 
herculean  proportions.  Many  of  the  exhibits  had  to 
be  handled  with  extreme  care.  Some  were  of  great 
bulk,  others  of  great  weight.  The  exhibition  halls  of 
the  old  building  were  left  untouched  and  open  to  the 
public  until  about  a  month  before  the  transfer  began. 
Spur  tracks  were  laid  across  Jackson  and  Grant  Parks, 
connecting  the  two  buildings  with  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad.  The  transfer  was  made  by  rail  and  by  motor 
trucks.  The  exhibits  furnished  full  loads  for  three 
hundred  and  twenty-one  box  and  flat  cars,  and  more 
than  three  hundred  and  fifty  capacity  loads  for  five-ton 
motor  trucks.  The  new  building  was  formally  opened 
to  the  public  on  May  2nd,  1921. 

THE  NEW  BUILDING 

The  building  which  houses  the  exhibits  of  Field 
Museum  of  Natural  History  is  a  beautiful  structure  of 
white  Georgia  marble,  classic  in  design  and  massive  in 
proportion. 

The  main  architectural  motives  of  the  building  were 
inspired  by  the  Erechtheum,  one  of  the  noted  temples 
of  the  Acropolis  group  in  Athens  and  generally  recog- 

Page  Ten 


nized  as  the  most  refined  example  of  the  Ionic  order. 
This  ancient  building  which  combined  the  sanctuaries 
of  Erechtheus  and  Athena  Polias,  stands  upon  the  spot 
where,  according  to  Greek  mythology,  the  contest  for 
the  possession  of  Athens  between  Athena  and  Poseidon 
took  place.  After  the  burning  of  the  original  building 
by  the  Persians  in  480  B.  C.,  the  rebuilding  of  the 
structure  was  begun,  and  it  is  supposed  to  have  been 
finished  about  407  B.  C.  It  is  particularly  famous  for 
the  decorative  use  of  caryatids. 

With  this  classic  structure  as  a  prototype,  the  ar- 
chitects, D.  H.  Burnham  and  Co.,  designed  a  monu- 
mental building.  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Burnham 
and  the  dissolution  of  the  firm,  the  task  was  continued 
and  completed  by  its  successors,  Graham,  Anderson, 
Probst  and  White.  It  is  severf  hundred  feet  long, 
three  hundred  and  fifty  feet  wide  and  approximately 
ninety  feet  in  height.  The  north  and  south  facades 
are  divided  into  a  large  pedimented  central  pavilion 
and  two  long  wings,  having  a  complete  series  of  Ionic 
columns  running  throughout  their  length,  and  termi- 
nated by  smaller  pavilions  at  each  end.  This  order 
rests  upon  a  basement  story,  and  is  crowned  by  an 
attic  pierced  with  windows. 

An  attractive  feature  of  the  exterior  is  the  terrace, 
sixty  feet  wide,  extending  all  the  way  around  the  build- 
ing and  rising  six  feet  above  the  ground.  This  ter- 
race has  a  retaining  wall,  steps  and  balustrade  of 
the  same  marble  as  the  building  proper.  The  main 
entrance  is  provided  with  an  ample  flight  of  steps  lead- 
ing up  to  the  central  doorway,  and  is  emphasized  by  the 
decorative  flagstaffs  placed  on  the  terrace  at  the  east 
and  west. 

Page  Eleven 


When  various  projects,  now  under  way,  are  com- 
plete, the  building  will  stand  in  a  parked  area  of  great 
attractiveness,  and  will  be  easy  of  access  by  a  series  of 
boulevards,  the  Illinois  Central  suburban  service,  by 
street  cars,  and  the  Elevated  System. 

The  interior  of  the  Museum  building  consists,  in  its 
general  arrangement,  of  a  great  central  hall  or  nave, 
flanked  by  transverse  exhibition  halls  on  both  sides; 
these  exhibition  halls  being  again  united  by  halls  run- 
ning parallel  to  the  nave  at  each  end  of  the  building. 
The  central  hall  rises  to  the  entire  height  of  the  build- 
ing. The  rest  of  the  structure  is  divided  into  floors,  all 
of  which  are  devoted  to  exhibition  purposes,  except  the 
third  floor  which  is  used  as  working  space  for  the 
scientific  staff. 

The  central  hall,  which  is  dedicated  to  Mr.  Stanley 
Field,  President  of  the  Museum,  contains  four  except- 
ionally fine  statues  designed  by  Mr.  Henry  Hering. 
These  figures  symbolize  the  purposes  of  the  Museum, 
and  blend  with  the  architectural  treatment  of  the  hall. 
The  figures  flanking  the  north  archway  represent  Nat- 
ural Science  and  the  Dissemination  of  Knowledge; 
those  at  the  south  typify  Research  and  Record. 

The  JAMES  SIMPSON  THEATRE,  which  was  built 
with  funds  provided  by  Mr.  James  Simpson,  and  a 
lecture  hall  occupy  the  western  portion  of  the  ground 
floor.  They  are  reached  by  a  special  entrance  from 
the  west  terrace,  and  also  by  a  broad  stairway  from 
the  first  floor. 

The  theatre  is  one  hundred  feet  long,  ninety-five 
feet  wide,  and  twenty-three  feet  high.  It  seats  one 
thousand  and  fifty-two  persons.  The  architectural 
treatment  is  in  accord  with  the  rest  of  the  building,  and 

Page    Twelve 


is  Greek  in  character.  The  central  seating  space  is 
surrounded  on  three  sides  by  a  Doric  colonnade  forming 
lobbies  fourteen  feet  wide.  The  fourth  side  is  occupied 
by  a  stage  adapted  for  the  use  of  stage  settings, 
moving  pictures  or  a  speaker.  The  lecture  hall,  to  the 
north  of  the  vestibule,  seats  two  hundred  and  fifty 
persons. 

The  Museum  building  was  planned  and  designed  to 
provide  for  the  following:  first,  perfect  exhibition 
rooms  for  the  display  of  scientific  collections;  second, 
adequate  housing  and  equipment  for  the  scientific  and 
working  staffs  which  must  accompany  such  collections ; 
third,  a  building  which  would  attain  the  high  standard 
of  Greek  architecture,  and  hold  a  worthy  place  among 
the  monumental  structures  of  Chicago. 

EXHIBITS 

Exhibits  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History  have 
been  gathered  by  collectors  who  have  specialized  in  the 
respective  departments  of  the  natural  sciences.  These 
collectors  have  been  dispatched  to  many  parts  of  the 
world  for  the  purpose  of  accumulating  exhibition  and 
study  material.  Those  who  planned  this  work  have 
adhered  so  closely  to  their  clearly  defined  purposes, 
that  the  Museum  is  noted  for  its  exactness  and  purity 
of  method,  and  the  material  exhibited  in  the  Museum  is 
becoming  more  and  more  appreciated  for  its  attract- 
iveness, coordination,  high  educational  value  and 
economic  usefulness. 

The  exhibits  are  grouped  into  four  departments 
under  the  general  classifications  of  Anthropology, 
Botany,  Geology  and  Zoology.  The  collections  in  each 
department  are  definitely  arranged  under  their  respect- 
ive divisions.  All  exhibits  are  provided  with  brief 

Page  Thirteen 


descriptive  labels  for  the  information  of  the  visitors. 
A  necessarily  restricted  outline  of  the  exhibition  mate- 
rial in  the  Museum  follows: 

Stanley  Field  Hall,  which  occupies  the  nave  of  the 
building,  contains  representative  exhibits  from  each  of 
the  departments  of  the  Museum.  These  exhibits  are 
intended  to  give  a  general  glimpse  of  the  activities  of 
the  institution  as  a  whole,  and  to  serve  as  an  intro- 
duction to  the  systematic  collections  in  the  exhibition 
halls.  The  visitor,  on  entering  the  Museum,  finds  him- 
self at  the  north  end  of  this  hall,  and  from  here  it  is 
easy  to  find  his  way  to  any  of  the  other  halls. 

ANTHROPOLOGY 

Few  sciences  are  of  more  absorbing  interest  than 
that  of  Anthropology.  To  trace  the  evolution  of  man, 
from  the  dim  ages  of  the  past,  when  he  was  scarcely 
more  responsible  than  the  beast,  fumbling  and  groping 
his  way  onward  through  the  darkness,  now  making 
good  progress,  now  halting,  but  ever  struggling  blindly 
onwards,  is  an  education  in  itself.  The  rate  of  develop- 
ment has  proceeded  unequally,  in  wave-like  formation. 
It  is  therefore  possible  at  the  present  time  to  meet  man 
in  most  of  the  various  phases  of  development.  Even 
on  our  own  continent  men  living  under  conditions  that 
obtained  in  the  stone  age  may  be  met  in  some  of  the 
remote  districts.  The  exhibits  in  this  Department  are 
intended  to  show  the  various  stages  of  evolution  in 
which  the  various  races  of  the  world  are  to  be  found ; 
the  degree  of  culture  and  enlightenment  to  which  they 
have  attained;  and  to  show,  from  their  past  history, 
the  path  they  trod  to  reach  that  stage. 

Entering  the  Mary  D.  Sturges  Hall  immediately 
to  the  east  of  the  nave,  we  find  ourselves  among  the 

Page   Fourteen 


Eskimo,  whose  culture  is  based  principally  upon  hunt- 
ing the  seal  and  the  whale.  Therefore,  the  proper  note 
is  at  once  struck  in  the  first  exhibit  we  meet,  a  life- 
sized  model  of  an  Eskimo  hunter,  seated  in  his  frail 
but  buoyant  kayak,  his  spear  upraised  and  poised  ready 
to  strike  his  prey.  His  boat,  his  costume,  the  para- 
phernalia of  his  trade  placed  before  him  on  the  mini- 
ature deck,  are  complete  and  correct  to  the  last  detail. 
Passing  on,  we  come  to  other  groups  illustrating  other 
aspects  of  their  life.  They  are  to  be  seen  cleaning 
skins,  for  which  they  find  numerous  uses ;  laboriously 
drilling  holes  in  ivory;  returning  home  from  hunting 
with  a  seal  on  a  sledge  which  is  drawn  by  huskies. 
To  the  left  an  Eskimo  girl  is  fishing  through  a  hole 
in  the  ice.  Round  about  are  examples  of  the  skin- 
clothing  they  make  for  themselves,  their  implements 
and  their  utensils. 

Further  on  we  come  to  the  Kwakiutl  Indian  and 
a  model  of  his  residence.  One  group  is  intently  playing 
the  Guessing  Game.  A  Cannibal  Dancer  of  the  same 
tribe  is  a  fine  study, — his  fierce  emotions  being  vividly 
expressed  in  his  face. 

In  the  next  hall  the  Salish  Tribes  are  represented, 
who  form  a  cultural  link  between  the  tribes  of  the 
North  West  Coast  and  those  of  the  Woodland  area. 
The  house  group  represents  the  Indians  very  busily 
engaged  in  their  domestic  industries  of  basket  and 
mat  making,  preparing  skins  and  cooking  food.  The 
inevitable  baby  is  slung  in  a  cradle  suspended  at  the 
end  of  a  long  branch.  Some  of  the  headgear  in  the 
cases  around  this  model  might  give  valuable  sugges- 
tions to  a  modern  milliner  in  search  for  the  "latest 
thing"  in  bonnets.  Sauk  and  Fox  Indian  homes  are 
shown  in  blazing  summer  sun  and  in  winter  snows. 

Page  Fifteen 


Here  and  there  in  his  ceremonials  it  is  possible  to 
catch  a  glimpse  of  the  soul  of  the  Indian.  His  instinct 
for  worship,  groping  in  the  darkness  for  the  unknown 
god,  can  be  seen  in  the  background  of  his  crude  but 
romantic  rites.  This  is  especially  true  in  the  case  of 
the  Pawnee  sacrifice  to  the  morning  star,  the  thunder 
ceremony,  the  purification  of  the  sacred  bundles,  and 
the  ritualistic  setting  of  the  many  altars  which  are 
illustrated  in  the  various  halls.  Other  collections 
portray  clearly  the  life  and  the  culture  of  Indians 
of  the  Great  Plains  and  the  Indian  tribes  of  Arizona, 
Mexico  and  California.  The  Hopi  Group  is  especially 
well  staged.  They  are  seen  at  home  busily  preparing 
food,  weaving,  basket  making,  etc.,  giving  an  impres- 
sion of  industry  which  is,  perhaps,  in  excess  of  the 
truth  in  actual  life.  Hopi  dolls  are  much  in  evidence. 
A  Hopi  bride  in  bridal  costume  looks  charming,  but 
the  Hopi  dancers  in  their  weird  masks  and  barbaric 
clothing  are  grotesque  in  the  extreme. 

And  yet,  this  ferocious  get-up  has  a  distinct  signifi- 
cance. Wherever,  north,  south,  east  or  west,  are  found 
tribes  in  the  earlier  stages  of  development,  there  also 
will  be  found  the  symptoms  of  a  vague  indefinite,  yet 
very  real,  sense  of  fear  clutching  at  their  hearts. 
Their  idols  and  their  worship  of  them  invariably 
reflect  this  subconscious  terror  of  the  unknown. 
When,  for  the  purpose  of  their  ceremonials,  they  put 
aside  their  own  personalities,  they  generally  clothed 
themselves  in  garments  and  masks  which  were  calcu- 
lated to  produce  in  their  neighbors  and  their  enemies 
the  ever-present  sense  of  fear  that  lurked  just  below 
the  surface  in  their  own  lives.  The  Museum  is  partic- 
ularly rich  in  exhibits  of  such  emblems.  The  masks  of 

Page  Sixteen 


New  Guinea,  including  the  huge  towering  structures 
of  feathers  and  grass,  should  be  noted. 

War  and  worship  seem  to  be  closely  allied  in  the 
life  of  primitive  man.  Instruments  of  offence  and 
defence,  laboriously  fashioned  and  cunningly  wrought, 
are  to  be  seen  on  every  side.  Boomerangs,  clubs, 
spears,  bows  and  arrows,  axes,  knives,  all  are  shown 
in  infinite  variety.  As  man  develops  he  introduces 
ornamentation  in  to  his  weapons,  his  clothing  and  his 
utensils.  The  American  Indian,  in  particular,  lavished 
much  of  his  time  on  personal  decoration.  A  splendid 
collection  of  Navajo  blankets  is  seen  in  cases  33-38. 

A  study  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  Philippine  Islands 
is  of  peculiar  interest,  and  the  characteristics  and 
life  of  the  principal  tribes  are  well  illustrated  in 
Hall  9.  A  model  of  a  Tinguian  village  gives  a  kind  of  a 
bird's  eye  view  of  the  form  of  their  houses, — airy 
structures  on  stilts, — and  the  villagers  performing  the 
ordinary  callings  of  a  workaday  life.  The  smithy 
group  is  lifelike,  but  what  strikes  the  observer  as 
extraordinary  is  that,  while  they  have  invented  an 
excellent  bellows  made  of  two  cylinders  with  hand- 
worked pistons,  they  still  retain  a  primitive  sledge 
hammer  made  of  stone.  A  loom  and  spinning  wheels 
are  exhibited,  which  display  a  considerable  proficiency 
in  the  art  of  weaving.  Their  basketry  is  fine  and 
splendid  specimens  are  to  be  seen. 

A  realistic  view  of  a  Bontoc  Igorot  village  of 
thatched  huts  is  shown.  One  villager  is  feeding  his 
pig;  others  are  at  work  in  the  smithy;  others  are 
weaving.  They  have  a  very  interesting  system  of  irri- 
gation, which  is  shown.  Another  group  shows  their 
women  making  and  glazing  pottery.  The  Negrito,  the 

Page  Seventeen 


Philippine  aborigine,  possesses  wicked-looking  fighting 
knives  and  other  weapons.  The  Mohammedan  Moros, 
also,  are  evidently  a  tribe  of  warriors.  Their  suits 
of  armor  are  finely  made  and  their  cannon,  varying 
in  size  from  that  of  a  pistol  upward,  are  elaborately 
ornamented. 

The  islands  of  the  Pacific,  about  which  so  much  is 
written  at  the  present  day,  are  well  represented  in 
Joseph  N.  Field  Hall  and  would  well  repay  a  careful 
examination. 

The  Egyptian  collection  is  to  be  found  on  the 
ground  floor.  The  Museum  is  indebted  for  the  material 
exhibited  in  this  section  to  the  generosity  and  the 
efforts  of  Edward  E.  Ayer,  a  trustee  of  the  Institution, 
who  collected  it  during  several  visits  to  Egypt. 
Here  is  a  different  race  and  a  different  civilization 
to  those  we  have  already  seen.  Today,  with  the 
exception  of  the  Pyramids,  the  Sphinx  and  a  few 
ruins,  nothing  remains  of  a  people  that  in  its  day 
was  the  most  cultured  on  earth.  Life  beyond  the 
grave  was  one  of  the  chief  tenets  of  their  religion. 
Indeed,  in  their  passion  for  immortality,  they  came 
near  to  achieving  immortality  for  their  mortal  bodies ; 
for  here  we  find  bodies  brought  across  thousands  of 
miles  and  thousands  of  years  with  the  paint  as  fresh 
on  their  coffins  as  when  they  were  buried  in  the  days 
of  long  ago  in  the  land  of  sun  and  sand,  and  without 
a  trace  or  sign  of  bodily  corruption.  In  many  cases 
their  names  are  known.  Here  lies  a  lady  named  Tinto 
who  lived  at  Thebes  a  thousand  years  before  Christ 
was  born.  Not  far  off  is  a  lady  called  Men,  who  was 
related  to  the  Theban  priests  of  Ammon.  Pidi-Mut, 
who  was  for  years  a  door-keeper  of  a  temple  at  Thebes, 
rests  close  by.  The  process  of  mummification  was  not 

Page  Eighteen 


perfected  in  a  day  as  may  be  seen.  A  pre-dynastic 
mummy  from  Luxor  shows  the  primitive  form  of  the 
process.  It  lies  on  its  side  huddled  up,  its  hands  closed 
as  if  in  prayer,  a  pitiful  heap  of  skin  and  bones.  Later 
the  body  was  swathed  in  linen  bandages,  which  in  sub- 
sequent years,  were  further  covered  with  papier-mache 
— the  portrait  of  the  dead  person  being  painted  on  the 
outside,  and  on  the  coffin.  Here  may  be  seen  an  ancient 
cedar-wood  mortuary  boat,  which  conveyed  the  dead, 
in  the  time  of  Sesostris  III,  from  Dashur  across  the 
Nile  to  what  they  believed  to  be  their  last  resting 
place.  An  object  of  great  interest  is  the  curiously-cut 
leather  corselet  of  a  priest  of  Thebes,  it  being  one  of 
the  only  two  in  existence.  In  the  excitement  of  the 
funeral  these  important  garments  were  evidently  over- 
looked, and  were  not  discovered  until  the  body  had  been 
buried.  A  square  hole  was  then  cut  in  the  rock  door 
of  the  tomb  in  which  the  corselets  were  sealed,  which 
accounts  for  their  preservation  in  a  perfect  condition. 
The  Egyptian,  like  most  of  the  ancients,  believed  that 
the  life  beyond  continued  without  a  break,  under  the 
same  conditions  as  those  on  earth,  hence  their  anxiety 
to  take  the  good  things  of  the  world  with  them.  A 
princess  had  her  two  pet  antelopes  placed  in  the  grave 
with  her;  much  of  the  most  treasured  property  was 
buried  in  their  owner's  tomb  for  future  use.  All 
around  are  specimens  in  great  variety  of  objects  of 
art  and  use  of  the  various  periods. 

Etruscan,  Greek  and  Roman  antiquities  of  great 
variety  and  interest  are  exhibited  in  Edward  E.  Ayer 
Hall.  It  is  impossible  not  to  admire  the  simple,  strong, 
yet  highly  artistic,  qualities  these  exhibits  display. 
Worthy  of  special  attention  are  the  Etruscan  bronzes, 
the  alabaster  sarcophagi,  burial  urns,  the  funerary 

Page  Nineteen 


couch,  the  Roman  objects  in  silver  and  bronze,  the 
Pompeian  finds,  the  wall  paintings,  the  surgical  and 
musical  instruments,  ewers,  seats  and  furniture. 

More  familiar  to  most  Americans  are  the  Chinese 
and  Japanese  peoples.  Yet  a  visit  to  Frank  W.  Gun- 
saulus  and  other  halls  will  delight  all  who  admire 
Eastern  art  in  its  many  aspects.  The  Blackstone  ex- 
pedition of  1908-10  with  Dr.  Berthold  Laufer  at  its 
head,  penetrated  far  into  the  forbidden  land  of  Tibet, 
and  returned  laden  with  treasures  from  Tibet  and 
China,  which  are  now  on  exhibition  at  the  Museum. 
The  gorgeous  dresses  and  hideous  masks  which  the 
Tibetans  use  in  dancing  to  cast  out  demons  and  devils 
are  fully  representative.  People  who  thought  that  the 
Tibetan  was  the  filthiest  of  men,  will  be  surprised  at 
the  culture  shown  in  many  of  the  exhibits.  China  and 
Japan  are  also  well  represented.  The  Chinese  shadow 
plays  and  their  actors'  dresses  and  masks  are  very 
interesting.  The  representation  given  of  the  Chinese 
Purgatory  varies  considerably  in  conception  from  those 
of  Virgil,  Dante  and  others.  In  the  Japanese  collec- 
tion, the  examples  shown  of  the  art  of  Hokusai  and 
his  followers  are  worthy  of  study,  as  also  are  the  ware, 
the  sword  guards,  swords,  tapestries  and  women's 
costumes. 

The  above  brief  and  casual  account  of  a  few  items 
in  the  Anthropological  Department  of  the  Museum  is 
intended  merely  to  indicate  the  value  and  the  interest 
of  the  exhibits.  When  it  is  stated  that  the  number  of 
exhibits  in  this  Department  alone  is  over  160,000,  each 
of  them  worthy  of  careful  examination,  the  extent  and 
the  scope  of  the  various  collections  will  be  readily 
imagined. 

Page  Twenty 


BOTANY 

In  the  Department  of  Botany,  as  in  all  other  de- 
partments of  the  Museum,  every  effort  is  made  to 
present  the  exhibits  in  an  attractive  and  comprehen- 
sible manner,  with  the  idea  of  popularizing  the  science 
as  far  as  possible.  The  exhibits  fill  five  halls;  and  it 
is  an  interesting  point  in  this  connection,  that  this  is 
the  first  time  in  the  history  of  natural  history  muse- 
ums, that  botany  has  been  given  space  comparable 
with  that  allotted  to  other  departments.  In  every  case, 
the  economic  products  of  the  plant  are  stressed,  thus 
making  the  exhibits,  not  only  instructive  to  the  student 
or  casual  visitor,  but  of  actual  value  to  the  business 
man. 

In  the  arrangement,  the  underlying  purpose  is  to 
present  the  natural  succession  of  plant  life  from  the 
lowest  orders  to  the  highest.  This  .succession  is  illus- 
trated particularly  in  Hall  28.  When  plants  are  micro- 
scopic, an  enlarged  reproduction  is  used  to  reveal  their 
character.  In  flowering  plants,  a  complete  or  large 
portion  of  a  characteristic  plant  of  each  family  is  re- 
produced in  natural  size.  Following  this,  an  enlarged 
flower  in  section  reveals  the  more  minute  floral  charac- 
teristics of  the  family,  and  fruits  peculiar  to  the  fam- 
ily are  shown.  Wherever  possible,  preference  is  given 
to  a  species  generally  known  to  the  public. 

•  The  reproductions  have  all  been  made  in  the  Mu- 
seum by  a  staff  of  artists  working  in  a  series  of  labor- 
atories founded  and  supported  by  Mr.  Stanley  Field. 
They  are  made  up  of  exact  casts  of  each  part  of  the 
original  living  plant ;  and  in  their  truth  to  nature,  life- 
like appearance  and  freshness,  they  form  a  collection 
unique  in  the  museums  of  the  world. 

Page  Twenty-one 


These  plant  life  studies  are  associated  with  such 
products  as  may  be  yielded  by  the  plants  of  the  family, 
and  utilized  by  man  in  the  arts,  industries,  or  as  food. 
Exhibits  of  this  type  follow  through  Halls  28,  29  and 
25.  The  specimens  illustrating  the  products  are  in 
quantities  proportionate  to  their  use.  For  instance,  a 
little  used  gum  or  resin  is  illustrated  by  a  single  speci- 
men ;  Indian  corn  by  twelve  whole  cases.  Another  val- 
uable fact  demonstrated  is  that  the  products  of  plants 
in  each  family  are  as  distinct  in  their  uses,  as  the 
plants  themselves  are  in  their  botanical  character.  It 
appears,  for  example,  that  if  one  member  of  a  family 
yields  a  dye,  other  members  are  likely  to  yield  dyes. 

There  are  two  other  halls  in  the  department.  One 
of  them  is  devoted  to  the  timbers  of  the  world  arranged 
geographically,  the  woods  being  partly  in  their  natural 
condition  and  partly  finished  to  show  their  character 
in  cabinetry.  The  display  of  Japanese  woods  is  the 
most  complete  ever  brought  together.  The  second  of 
these  halls  is  devoted  to  the  trees  of  North  America. 
The  diameter  of  the  specimens  selected  are  one  half  of 
the  average  diameter  of  the  respective  species  ex- 
hibited. Each  species  is  installed  in  a  separate  case. 
Labels  and  maps  are  attached  which  supply  complete 
information.  In  the  center  of  the  hall  is  a  red-wood 
trunk  of  half  the  diameter  to  which  the  species  grows. 

The  herbarium  is  on  the  third  floor.  It  contains 
more  than  500,000  specimens.  They  are  accessible,  on 
application,  to  those  who  are  specially  interested. 


Page  Twenty-two 


GEOLOGY 

The  Geological  material  is  assembled  in  two  collec- 
tions,— the  one  arranged  according  to  the  scientific, — 
the  other  according  to  the  economic  or  industrial 
standpoint.  The  scientific  classification  is  that  usually 
followed  in  school  and  college  text  books.  The  eco- 
nomic arrangement,  on  the  other  hand,  groups  the 
materials,  irrespective  of  their  scientific  order,  accord- 
ing to  the  uses  to  which  they  are  put. 

The  first  portion  of  the  collection  is  the  mineral 
group  which  is  classified  according  to  Dana's  order. 
Then  follows  the  W.  J.  Chalmers  crystal  collection 
showing  the  different  forms  o£  the  crystallization  of 
minerals.  The  meteorite  collection  which  comes  next 
is  the  largest  in  the  world  and  contains  examples  of 
more  than  half  of  the  known  meteorites. 

The  physical  geology  section  illustrates  the  struc- 
ture of  the  earth's  surface  and  the  effects  of  the  various 
natural  forces  on  the  materials  of  which  the  earth  is 
composed. 

The  rock  collection  is  very  extensive,  consisting  of 
specimens  of  uniform  size,  grouped  according  to  kind 
and  composition. 

Geographic  geology  is  illustrated  by  means  of  some 
sixty  relief  maps  and  models,  which  include  represen- 
tations such  as  the  Yosemite  Valley,  Niagara  Falls,  the 
Grand  Canyon  and  the  Natural  Bridge  of  Virginia. 

In  the  section  of  Historical  Geology,  the  develop- 
ment of  life  on  earth  from  the  age  of  the  simplest 
invertebrates  to  that  of  man  is  followed  in  historical 
sequence. 

The  economic  exhibits  in  Frederick  J.  V.  Skiff 
Hall  consist  of  collections  of  the  ores  of  precious  and 

Page   Twenty-three 


base  metals,  marbles  and  building  stones,  and  abras- 
ives, alkalies,  salts  and  phosphates.  In  Hall  No.  36, 
coals,  petroleums,  and  other  hydro-carbons  and  their 
products,  economically  important  clays,  soils  and 
sands  are  exhibited.  Models  and  diagrams  show  the 
method  and  devices  adopted  by  man  in  utilizing  these 
substances. 

H.  N.  HIGINBOTHAM  HALL 

Here  is  displayed  one  of  the  most  complete  collec- 
tions of  gems  and  jewels  in  existence,  containing,  as 
it  does,  nearly  every  known  gem  or  precious  stone,  in 
the  finest  cut  examples,  as  well  as  crystals,  cleavages 
and  rolled  grains.  Many  of  the  objects  are  of  histori- 
cal interest  and  world-wide  reputation.  Among  these 
is  a  diamond,  on  which  the  bust  of  William  II  of  Hol- 
land was  engraved  by  DeVrees  of  Amsterdam.  The 
Hope  aquamarine  is  a  beautiful  gem  weighing  331% 
karats.  The  Tiffany  aquamarine  should  also  be  in- 
spected. Among  the  opals  should  be  noted  the  famous 
Sun  God  Opal  from  the  Hope  collection.  Special  atten- 
tion should  be  taken  of  the  Russian  topazes,  the  cut 
amethysts,  and  the  uncut  Chilton  emerald  crystal.  A 
thin  section  of  rock  crystal,  9%  inches  in  diameter, 
forming  a  screen  on  which  is  engraved  "The  Finding 
of  Moses,"  is  believed  to  be  the  finest  thing  of  its  kind 
in  existence.  A  valuable  collection  of  crystallized  and 
wire  gold  and  gold  nuggets  is  exhibited. 

The  nine  cases  arranged  on  the  walls  are  worthy  of 
careful  inspection.  They  contain  Egyptian  and  classi- 
cal jewelry,  Greek  and  Roman  cameos  and  intaglios,  a 
remarkable  collection  of  jewelry  from  India,  and  pre- 
historic American  gold  ornaments. 

Page   Twenty-four 


ZOOLOGY 

Exhibits  of  the  Department  of  Zoology  occupy  the 
western  half  of  the  main  floor  of  the  Museum.  They 
comprise  representative  and  extensive  displays  of  the 
animal  life  of  the  world,  from  the  lower  invertebrates 
to  the  highest  mammals.  These  are  so  arranged  that 
four  large  halls  are  devoted  to  mammals,  two  to  birds, 
one  to  fishes,  reptiles  and  marine  fauna,  one  to  shells 
and  insects,  and  one  to  osteology. 

Mammals  are  arranged  in  two  series,  one  being 
systematic,  to  show  one  specimen  of  each  of  the  princi- 
pal species ;  the  other  being  in  habitat  groups,  showing 
several  animals  of  the  same  species  in  natural  sur- 
roundings, and  illustrating  the  habits  and  character- 
istics of  that  particular  species.  Thus,  in  the  hall  of 
systematic  mammals  one  finds  a  classified  series  show- 
ing the  species  grouped  according  to  their  natural 
relationships,  from  the  curious  egg-laying  ornithor- 
hyncus to  the  gorilla,  chimpanzee  and  other  man-like 
apes.  Any  particular  species  is  to  be  found,  properly 
placed,  with  those  to  which  it  is  most  nearly  related. 

In  addition  to  the  hall  of  systematic  mammals, 
there  are  two  halls  of  habitat  groups.  These  are 
doubtless  the  most  attractive  features  of  the  zoological 
exhibits.  Most  important  is  the  hall  of  African  game 
animals,  containing  the  principal  masterpieces  of  the 
well  known  taxidermist  and  sculptor,  Carl  E.  Akeley. 
Among  the  groups  in  this  hall  are  the  African  buffalo, 
koodoo,  wild  ass,  zebra,  hartebeest,  wart  hog  and  vari- 
ous antelopes.  There  are  two  African  elephants,  also 
the  work  of  Mr.  Akeley,  which  occupy  the  central  space 
in  Stanley  Field  Hall.  The  animals  were  secured  by 
the  Museum's  expeditions  to  Somaliland  and  British 

Page   Twenty-five 


East  Africa.  In  technical  quality  of  workmanship,  in 
artistic  arrangement  and  in  fidelity  to  nature,  these 
groups  set  a  high  standard  in  taxidermy. 

Next  in  importance  to  the  African  groups  are  those 
of  the  larger  American  mammals,  chief  of  which  are 
four  groups  of  Virginia  deer,  illustrating  the  habits 
and  appearance  of  the  animal  at  the  four  seasons  of 
the  year.  Other  American  groups  show  the  moose, 
bison,  prongbuck,  grizzly  bear,  musk  ox,  polar  bear, 
mountain  sheep  and  beaver. 

The  systematic  collection  of  birds  is  arranged  in 
two  sections.  In  the  first,  every  family  of  birds  extant 
in  North  America  is  represented.  In  the  second  are 
birds  from  foreign  countries. 

The  hall  of  habitat  groups  of  birds  contains  a  series 
of  beautiful  mountings  with  large  painted  backgrounds 
and  a  complete  representation  of  natural  surroundings. 
Among  the  species  represented  in  these  groups  are  the 
golden  eagle,  California  condor,  northern  loon,  whoop- 
ing crane,  wild  turkey,  white  pelican,  flamingo  and 
various  gulls  and  terns. 

Fishes  are  well  represented.  Of  special  interest 
are  cases  of  Atlantic  and  Pacific  game  fishes,  and  Chi- 
cago market  fishes.  The  larger  part  of  the  collection 
is  arranged  systematically.  The  display  of  reptiles 
and  batrachians,  while  not  extensive,  includes  a  num- 
ber of  celluloid  models  of  small  snakes,  frogs  and 
toads,  which  are  of  unusual  excellence. 

The  osteological  collection  is  large  and  comprises 
complete  skeletons  of  individuals  from  almost  every 
important  group  of  vertebrates.  Of  particular  interest 
are  the  skeletons  of  the  primates  and  of  the  right 
whale. 

Page  Twenty-six 


In  addition  to  the  public  exhibition  collections,  the 
Department  of  Zoology  has  large  research  or  study  col- 
lections, which  are  accessible  to  specialists  and  stu- 
dents, and  which,  upon  application,  may  be  consulted 
by  anyone  interested.  The  research  collection  of  mam- 
mals contains  about  23,000  specimens,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  important  collections  of  its  kind  in  the  world. 
The  collection  of  birds  numbers  some  54,000  specimens, 
and  is  particularly  rich  in  West  Indian  and  South 
American  examples.  The  fish  and  reptile  collection  is 
large,  and  includes  much  material  from  Central  Amer- 
ica. The  insect  collection  is  largely  local,  except  in 
the  case  of  butterflies  and  moths,  of  which  there  are 
more  than  50,000  specimens  from  all  parts  of  the 
world. 

N.  W.  HARRIS  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  EXTENSION  OF 
FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 

The  N.  W.  Harris  Public  School  Extension  of  Field 
Museum  of  Natural  History  is,  in  effect,  a  traveling 
museum.  Study  of  the  records  of  attendance  showed 
that  the  number  of  school  children  who  visited  the  Mu- 
seum had  never  been  as  large  as  was  desired.  In  order 
to  extend  the  educational  influence  of  the  Museum 
among  these  children,  an  endowment  of  two  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  dollars  was  provided  by  the  late 
Norman  Wait  Harris.  Later  twenty-five  thousand  dol- 
lars was  added  by  the  heirs  to  the  Harris  estate.  The 
interest  on  this  benefaction  is  being  expended  in  the 
preparation  of  cases  containing  attractive  and  in- 
structive exhibits  of  specimens,  which  are  circulated 
among  the  public  schools  by  means  of  a  specially  de- 
signed motor  car.  There  are  now  about  eight  hundred 

Page  Twenty-seven 


cases ;  and  they  are  sent  to  the  schools  in  groups  which 
are  frequently  changed. 

The  value  of  these  exhibits  has  been  summed  up  by 
Doctor  Maria  Montessori,  who,  after  careful  inspection 
of  typical  cases,  made  the  following  statements  in  an 
unsolicited  letter: 

"I  admire  very  much  the  way  in  which  nature  is 
interpreted  in  this  exhibit.  The  units  attract  the 
child's  attention  and  do  not  teach  errors.  They  truly 
represent  nature. 

"I  consider  the  collection  a  most  desirable  contri- 
bution to  school  work  and  education  generally.  I  hope 
that  many  more  of  these  beautiful  exhibits  may  be 
made." 

Ten  typical  cases  of  this  series  are  exhibited  in 
Stanley  Field  Hall.  The  success  of  this  movement  has 
been  greatly  aided  by  the  hearty  cooperation  given  by 
the  superintendent,  principals  and  teachers  of  the 
schools  of  Chicago. 

THE  LIBRARY 

The  work  of  the  Museum  Library,  briefly  told,  is  to 
supplement  the  Museum  collections  and  to  facilitate 
the  work  of  the  Scientific  Staff.  As  the  Museum  seeks 
to  interest  and  instruct  its  visitors  in  its  exhibits,  so 
the  library  endeavors  to  supply  books  descriptive  of 
those  subjects;  for  no  exhibit,  however  carefully  or 
fully  labeled,  can  give  all  the  information  that  may  be 
desired  by  a  specially  interested  visitor. 

The  library  is  divided  into  four  sections,  corres- 
ponding to  the  four  departments  of  the  Museum.  In 
the  section  of  the  Department  of  Anthropology  may  be 
found  books  pertaining  to  the  history  of  the  American 
Indian,  the  natives  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  Mexico, 

Page  Twenty-eight 


Central  and  South  America,  India,  Japan,  China, 
Egypt,  etc.  In  the  Botany  Section  are  books  treating 
of  the  form  of  plants,  their  structure,  the  nature  of  the 
tissues  of  which  they  are  composed,  their  classification 
and  distribution.  The  Department  of  Geology  is 
equipped  with  works  on  the  science  of  the  past  and 
present  conditions  of  the  earth,  with  special  reference 
to  the  physical  changes  which  it  has  undergone,  or 
which  may  still  be  taking  place.  Here  may  also  be 
found  books  on  minerals,  gems,  semi-precious  stones 
and  meteorites.  The  Department  of  Zoology  has  inter- 
esting books  on  mammals,  reptiles,  insects,  birds  and 
fishes  of  every  known  species.  The  Edward  E.  Ayer 
library  of  ornithology  forms  a  special  collection  of 
great  value,  and  covers  its  subject  to  a  degree  un- 
equalled except  in  a  few  of  the  largest  libraries  of 
the  world.  It  is  especially  rich  in  large  sumptuously 
illustrated  volumes  and  series.  Another  special  col- 
lection, presented  by  Mr.  Ayer,  is  devoted  to  angling 
and  ichthyology.  It  includes  some  fifteen  hundred 
volumes. 

In  the  general  reading  room,  connected  with  the 
library,  are  files  of  the  current  scientific  periodicals  as 
well  as  the  memoirs,  transactions  and  other  publica- 
tions of  learned  societies  throughout  the  world.  Here 
also  are  the  more  general  reference  books  for  the  use 
of  those  whose  time  is  limited. 

The  curators  of  all  departments  cooperate  with  the 
library  and,  whenever  necessary,  specialists  are  acces- 
sible for  expert  advice. 

This  merely  suggests  the  resources  of  the  library 
which  offers,  for  reference,  free  to  the  use  of  museum 
visitors,  some  eighty  thousand  books  and  pamphlets. 

Page  Twenty-nine 


PUBLICATIONS 

The  issue  of  a  series  of  publications  was  begun 
early  in  the  history  of  Field  Museum  of  Natural  His- 
tory. These  have  been  published  in  the  following 
series:  Report,  Anthropological,  Botanical,  Geological, 
Ornithological  and  Zoological.  More  than  two  hundred 
have  been  published  up  to  the  present.  Among  them 
are  excellent  treatises  and  monographs,  as  well  as  nu- 
merous reports  of  discoveries  of  scientific  interest. 
These  publications  have  a  wide  circulation  among 
other  museums,  scientific  societies  and  educational 
institutions,  with  which  an  exchange  system  has  been 
established.  A  list  of  the  publications  may  be  had  on 
application  to  the  Director. 

Lately  a  series  of  illustrated  leaflets  of  a  popular 
type  has  been  started.  These  treat  of  interesting  ex- 
hibits, some  of  them  being  economic  in  character. 

Since  its  removal  into  the  new  building,  the  Museum 
has  installed  presses  and  now  does  its  own  printing, 
and  photogravure  work. 

EXPEDITIONS 

The  vitality  of  most  institutions  may  be  gauged  by 
their  activities,  and  this  is  true  even  of  museums.  The 
world  is  a  vast  treasure-house  filled  with  an  inexhaust- 
ible store  of  riches,  which  await  the  arrival  of  the 
trained  investigator  who  alone  is  able  to  recognize 
the  value  of  these  gems  in  the  rough.  All  great  mu- 
seums have  expeditions  in  the  field,  searching  dili- 
gently for  treasures  of  various  kinds.  Field  Museum 
of  Natural  History  holds  a  proud  record  for  field  inves- 
tigations during  its  short  history.  It  has  extended  its 
expeditions,  like  tentacles,  to  practically  all  parts  of 

Page    Thirty 


the  world  to  gather  specimens  and  exhibits  for  the 
Institution.  Up  to  the  present  about  275  expeditions 
have  been  sent  out,  many  of  which  have  been  financed 
by  gentlemen  whose  names  are  given  on  another  page. 

It  would  be  comparatively  easy  of  course  to  buy  a 
number  of  the  exhibits,  but  the  Trustees  have  realized 
the  importance  of  personal  exploration  by  their  staff. 
It  is  only  in  this  way  that  the  best  and  authentic 
material  can  be  collected.  A  large  expense  and  a 
great  deal  of  labor  and  hardships  are  incurred,  but  it 
is  felt  that  in  no  other  way  is  it  possible  to  obtain 
proper  re'sults. 

The  Blackstone  Expedition  under  the  leadership  of 
Dr.  Berthold  Laufer  spent  three  years  (1908-10)  in 
China,  and  the  comparatively  unexplored  country  of 
Tibet,  and  some  of  the  most  interesting  exhibits  in  the 
Museum  were  discovered  and  brought  back  by  it.  The 
R.  F.  Cummings  expedition  worked  five  years  in  the 
Philippine  Islands  studying  the  customs  of  the  various 
tribes  and  making  collections.  Under  the  leadership 
of  Dr.  George  A.  Dorsey,  archaeological  material  was 
collected  in  Egypt,  and  ethnological  exhibits  obtained 
from  India,  Ceylon,  Java,  Australia,  New  Ireland, 
Buka,  Bougainville,  New  Guinea  and  the  Philippines. 
Islands  of  the  South  Pacific  Ocean  were  visited  by  the 
Joseph  N.  Field  expedition  beginning  in  1909  and  re- 
maining at  work  until  1913.  Expeditions  financed 
by  Captain  Marshall  Field  are  now  studying  the 
archaeology,  botany,  geology  and  zoology  of  South 
America,  and  the  Arthur  B.  Jones  expedition  is  at 
work  in  Sumatra,  Java  and  Borneo.  Exhaustive  study 
of  the  Indians  of  North  America,  Mexico  and  Peru 
has  been  made  by  a  number  of  expeditions. 

Page  Thirty-one 


Several  expeditions  have  gone  out  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Dr.  C.  F.  Millspaugh,  Curator  of  Botany.  In 
1894  and  1895,  Mr.  Allison  V.  Armour  took  expeditions 
to  the  West  Indies  and  Yucatan  in  his  yacht,  Ituna,  and 
to  the  same  localities  again  in  1898  and  1899.  During 
the  years  from  1904  to  1911,  with  the  exception  of  the 
year  1906,  the  flora  of  all  of  the  Bahama  Islands  was 
studied.  In  1911  and  1912,  an  expedition  made  collec- 
tions in  Japan,  China,  the  Philippine  Islands,  Java, 
Ceylon  and  India.  Collections  were  made  on  all  of  the 
Florida  Keys  during  1904.  There  have  also  been 
numerous  botanical  expeditions  sent  to  all  parts  of  the 
United  States. 

In  connection  with  the  work  of  the  Department  of 
Geology,  Dr.  Oliver  C.  Farrington  has  conducted  expe- 
ditions into  Mexico  and  various  parts  of  the  United 
States,  and  is  at  present  engaged  in  the  collection  of 
minerals  in  South  America.  H.  W.  Nichols  has  made 
collections  of  ores  and  minerals  during  several  expedi- 
tions through  the  Mississippi  Valley,  the  Appalachian 
Mts.,  etc.  E.  S.  Riggs  and  his  associates  have  col- 
lected paleontological  specimens  in  Colorado,  the  Da- 
kotas  and  Alberta,  Canada,  and  have  recently  em- 
barked on  an  important  expedition  to  Patagonia. 

Several  large  expeditions  have  been  sent  out  by  the 
Department  of  Zoology.  The  first  African  expedition, 
which  went  to  Somaliland  in  1896  and  1897  under  the 
leadership  of  Dr.  D.  G.  Elliot  and  Carl  E.  Akeley,  was 
especially  fruitful  in  results.  It  obtained  material  for 
most  of  the  fine  groups  of  African  mammals  now  on 
exhibition.  A  second  African  expedition  was  in  the 
field  during  1906  and  1907,  headed  by  Carl  E.  Akeley 
and  Edmund  Heller.  This  expedition  obtained  some 
2,500  specimens.  Fishes  were  collected  in  Mexico  and 

Page  Thirty-two 


Central  America  by  Dr.  S.  E.  Meek,  and  unusually  com- 
plete collections  were  obtained.  Commencing  in  1908, 
eight  expeditions  were  sent  to  South  America,  where 
most  of  their  attention  was  devoted  to  mammals  and 
birds.  One  of  the  largest  of  these  expeditions,  under 
the  leadership  of  Dr.  W.  H.  Osgood  and  M.  P.  Ander- 
son, crossed  South  America  from  Peru  to  the  eastern 
coast  of  Brazil.  Later,  field  work  was  done  in 
eastern  Brazil  by  M.  P.  Anderson  and  R.  H.  Becker. 
At  present  an  expedition  headed  by  Edmund  Heller 
and  J.  T.  Zimmer  is  at  work  in  Peru. 

INCOME 

The  income  for  the  support  of  the  Museum  is 
derived  from  several  sources.  The  citizens  of  Chicago 
have  confirmed  legislation  for  the  levy  of  a  tax  which 
provides  approximately  $100,000  yearly.  There  is  also 
an  endowment  fund  of  about  $5,000,000,  the  interest 
of  which  is  used.  Other  receipts  come  from  the  inter- 
est on  a  gift  of  $50,000  from  Mrs.  Mary  D.  Sturges, 
from  memberships  and  from  small  amounts  paid  in 
admissions. 

Expeditions  are  financed  largely  by  special  contri- 
butions. Among  those  who  have  given  funds  for  this 
purpose  are:  Joseph  N.  Field  (South  Pacific  Is- 
lands) ;  Allison  V.  Armour  (West  Indies  and  Yuca- 
tan) ;  Mrs.  T.  B.  Blackstone  (China  and  Tibet)  ;  Stan- 
ley McCormick  (Arizona-Hopi)  ;  Stanley  Field  (Brit- 
ish Guiana)  ;  Captain  Marshall  Field  (South  Amer- 
ica) ;  Arthur  B.  Jones  (Malay  Archipelago)  ;  and  Rob- 
ert F.  Cummings  (Philippine  Islands). 


Page  Thirty-three 


ARTICLES  OF  INCORPORATION. 
STATE  OF  ILLINOIS. 

DEPABTMENT   OF   STATE. 

WILLIAM  H.  HINBICHSEN,  Secretary  of  State. 
To  ALL  TO  WHOM  THESE  PBESENTS  SHALL  COME,  GBEETINGS  : 

Whereas,  a  Certificate  duly  signed  and  acknowledged  having 
been  filed  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  on  the  16th  day  ' 
of  September,  A.  D.  1893,  for  the  organization  of  the  COLUMBIAN 
MUSEUM  OF  CHICAGO,  under  and  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  "An  Act  Concerning  Corporations,"  approved  April 
18,  1872,  and  in  force  July  1,  1872,  and  all  acts  amendatory 
thereof,  a  copy  of  which  certificate  is  hereto  attached. 

Now,  therefore,  I,  William  H.  Hinrichsen,  Secretary  of  State 
of  the  State  of  Illinois,  by  virtue  of  the  powers  and  duties  vested 
in  me  by  law,  do  hereby  certify  that  the  said  COLUMBIAN 
MUSEUM  OF  CHICAGO  is  a  legally  organized  Corporation 
under  the  laws  of  this  State. 

In  Testimony  Whereof,  I  hereto  set  my  hand  and  cause  to  be 
affixed  the  Great  Seal  of  State.  Done  at  the  City  of  Springfield, 
this  16th  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  ninety-three,  and  of  the  independence  of  the 
United  States  the  one  hundred  and  eighteenth. 

W.    H.    HINRICHSEN, 
[SEAL]  Secretary  of  State. 

TO  HON.  WILLIAM  H.  HINRICHSEN, 

SECBETABY  OF  STATE: 
SIB: 

We,  the  undersigned  citizens  of  the  United  States,  propose 
to  form  a  corporation  under  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
the  State  of  Illinois,  entitled  "An  Act  Concerning  Corporations," 
approved  April  18,  1872,  and  all  acts  amendatory  thereof;  and 
that  for  the  purposes  of  such  organization  we  hereby  state  as 
follows,  to-wit: 

1.  The    name    of    such    corporation    is    the    "COLUMBIAN 
MUSEUM  OF  CHICAGO." 

2.  The  object  for  which  it  is  formed  is  for  the  accumulation 
and    dissemination    of    knowledge,    and    the    preservation    and 
exhibition  of  objects  illustrating  Art,   Archaeology,   Science   and 
History. 

3.  The  management  of  the  aforesaid  museum  shall  be  vested 
in  a  Board  of  FIFTEEN   (15)   TBUSTEES,  five  of  whom  are  to  be 
elected  every  year. 

4.  The  following  named  persons  are  hereby  selected  as  the 
Trustees  for  the  first  year  of  its  corporate  existence: 

Page  Thirty-four 


Edward  E.  Ayer,  Charles  B.  Farwell,  George  E.  Adams, 
George  R.  Davis,  Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  Daniel  H.  Burnham, 
John  A.  Roche,  M.  C.  Bullock,  Emil  G.  Hirsch,  James  W. 
Ellsworth,  Allison  V.  Armour,  O.  F.  Aldis,  Edwin  Walker,  John 
C.  BJack  and  Frank  W.  Gunsaulus. 

5.  The  location  of  the  Museum  is  in  the  City  of  Chicago, 
County  of  Cook,  and  State  of  Illinois. 

(Signed) 

George  E.  Adams,  C.  B.  Farwell,  Sidney  C.  Eastman,  F.  W. 
Putnam,  Robert  McCurdy,  Andrew  Peterson,  L.  J.  Gage,  Charles 
L.  Hutchinson,  Ebenezer  Buckingham,  Andrew  McNally,  Edward 
E.  Ayer,  John  M.  Clark,  Herman  H.  Kohlsaat,  George  Schneider, 
Henry  H.  (Jetty,  William  R.  Harper,  Franklin  H.  Head,  E.  G. 
Keith,  J.  Irving  Pearce,  Azel  F.  Hatch,  Henry  Wade  Rogers, 
Thomas  B.  Bryan,  L.  Z.  Leiter,  A.  C.  Bartlett,  A.  A.  Sprague,  A. 
C.  McClurg,  James  W.  Scott,  Geo.  F.  Bissell,  John  R.  Walsh, 
Chas.  Fitzsimmons,  John  A.  Roche,  E.  B.  McCagg,  Owen  F.  Aldis, 
Ferdinand  W.  Peck,  James  H.  Dole,  Joseph  Stockton,  Edward 
B.  Butler,  John  McConnell,  R.  A.  Waller,  H.  C.  Chatfield-Taylor, 
A.  Crawford,  Win.  Sooy  Smith,  P.  S.  Peterson,  John  C.  Black, 
Jno.  J.  Mitchell,  C.  F.  Gunther,  George  R.  Davis,  Stephen  A. 
Forbes,  Robert  W.  Patterson,  Jr.,  M.  C.  Bullock,  Edwin  Walker, 
George  M.  Pullman,  William  E.  Curtis,  James  W.  Ellsworth, 
William  E.  Hale,  Win.  T.  Baker,  Martin  A.  Ryerson,  Huntington 
W.  Jackson,  N.  B.  Ream,  Norman  Williams,  Melville  E.  Stone, 
Bryan  Lathrop,  Eliphalet  W.  Blatchford,  Philip  D.  Armour. 

•Cooic   COUNTY 
STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 

I,  G.  R.  MITCHELL,  a  NOTARY  PUBLIC  in  and  for  said  County, 
do  hereby  certify  that  the  foregoing  petitioners  personally 
appeared  before  me  and  acknowledged  severally  that  they  signed 
the  foregoing  petition  as  their  free  and  voluntary  act  for  the 
uses  and  purposes  therein  set  forth. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  notarial  seal  this  14th  day  of 
September,  1893. 

G.  R.   MITCHELL, 
[SEAL]  NOTARY  PUBLIC,  COOK  COUNTY,  ILL. 


CHANGE  OF  NAME. 

Pursuant  to  a  resolution  passed  at  a  meeting  of  the  corporate 
members  held  the  25th  day  of  June,  1894,  the  name  of  the 
COLUMBIAN  MUSEUM  was  changed  to  FIELD  COLUMBIAN 
MUSEUM.  A  certificate  to  this  effect  was  filed  June  26,  1894, 
in  the  oflice  of  the  Secretary  of  State  for  Illinois. 


CHANGE  OF  NAME. 

Pursuant  to  a  resolution  passed  at  a  meeting  of  the  corporate 
members  held  the  8th  day  of  November,  1905,  the  name  of  the 

Page  Thirty-five 


FIELD  COLUMBIAN  MUSEUM  was  changed  to  FIELD 
MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY.  A  certificate  to  this  effect 
was  filed  November  10,  1905,  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of 
State  for  Illinois. 


CHANGE   IN   ARTICLE  3. 

Pursuant  to  a  resolution  at  a  meeting  of  the  corporate 
members  held  the  10th  day  of  May,  1920,  the  management  of 
FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY  shall  be  invested 
in  a  Board  of  TWENTY-ONE  (21)  TRUSTEES,  who  shall  be  elected 
in  such  manner  and  for  such  time  and  term  of  office  as  may  "  e 
provided  for  by  the  By-Laws.  A  certificate  to  this  effect  was 
filed  May  21,  1920,  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State  for 
Illinois. 

AMENDED  BY-IAWS. 


(JANUARY    1,    1921.) 

ARTICLE  I. 

MEMBERS 

SECTION  1.  Members  shall  be  of  seven  classes,  Corporate 
Members,  Honorary  Members,  Patrons,  Life  Members,  Associate 
Members,  Sustaining  Members,  and  Annual  Members. 

SECTION  2.  The  Corporate  Members  shall  consist  of  the 
persons  named  in  the  articles  of  incorporation,  and  of  such 
other  persons  as  shall  be  chosen  from  time  to  time  by  the  Board 
xof  Trustees  at  any  of  its  meetings,  upon  the  recommendation  of 
the  Executive  Committee;  provided,  that  such  person  named  in 
the  articles  of  incorporation  shall,  within  ninety  days  from  the 
adoption  of  these  By-Laws,  and  persons  hereafter  chosen  as 
Corporate  Members  shall,  within  ninety  days  of  their  election, 
pay  into  the  treasury  the  sum  of  twenty  ($20.00)  dollars  or 
more.  Corporate  Members  becoming  Life  Members,  Patrons  or 
Honorary  Members  shall  be  exempt  from  dues.  Annual  meetings 
of  said  Corporate  Members  shall  be  held  at  the  same  place  and 
on  the  same  day  that  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  is  held. 

SECTION  3.  Honorary  Members  shall  be  chosen  by  the  Board 
from  among  persons  who  have  rendered  eminent  service  to 
science,  and  only  upon  unanimous  nomination  of  the  Executive 
Committee.  They  shall  be  exempt  from  all  dues. 

SECTION  4.  Patrons  shall  be  chosen  by  the  Board  upon 
recommendation  of  the  Executive  Committee  from  among 
persons  who  have  rendered  eminent  service  to  the  Museum. 
They  shall  be  exempt  from  all  dues,  and,  by  virtue  of  their 
election  as  Patrons,  shall  also  be  Corporate  Members. 

Page  Thirty-six 


SECTION  5.  Any  person  paying  into  the  treasury  the  sum  of 
five  hundred  ($500.00)  dollars,  at  any  one  time,  shall,  upon  the 
unanimous  vote  of  the  Board,  become  a  Life  Member.  Life 
Members  shall  be  exempt  from  all  dues,  and  shall  enjoy  all  the 
privileges  and  courtesies  of  the  Museum  that  are  accorded  to 
members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

SECTION  6.  Any  person  paying  into  the  treasury  of  the 
Museum  the  sum  of  one  hundred  ($100.00)  dollars,  at  any  one 
time,  shall  upon  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  Board,  become  an 
Associate  Member.  Associate  Members  shall  be  entitled  to : 
tickets  admitting  member  and  members  of  family,  including 
non-resident  home  guests;  all  publications  of  the  Museum,  if 
so  desired;  reserved  seats  to  all  lectures  and  entertainments 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Museum,  provided  reservation  is 
requested  in  advance ;  and  admission  of  holder  of  membership 
and  accompanying  party  to  all  special  exhibits  and  Museum 
functions  day  or  evening. 

SECTION  7.  Sustaining  Members  shall  consist  of  such 
persons  as  are  selected  from  time  to  time  by  the  Board  of 
Trustees  at  any  of  its  meetings,  and  who  shall  pay  an  annual 
fee  of  twenty-five  ($25.00)  dollars,  payable  within  thirty  days 
after  notice  of  election  and  within  thirty  days  after  each  recur- 
ring annual  date.  This  Sustaining  Membership  entitles  the 
member  to  free  admission  for  the  member  and  family  to  Museum 
on  any  day  and  allows  25  admission  coupons,  which  may  be  used 
by  any  one,  the  Annual  Report  and  such  other  Museum  docu- 
ments or  publications  as  may  be  requested  in  writing.  When 
a  Sustaining  Member  has  paid  the  annual  fee  of  $25.00  for  six 
years,  such  member  shall  be  entitled  to  become  an  Associate 
Member. 

SECTION  8.  Annual  Members  shall  consist  of  such  persons  as 
are  selected  from  time  to  time  by  the  Board  of  Trustees  at 
any  of  its  meetings,  and  who  shall  pay  an  annual  fee  of  ten 
($10.00)  dollars,  payable  within  thirty  days  after  each  recurring 
annual  date.  An  Annual  Membership  shall  entitle  the  member 
to  a  card  of  admission  for  the  member  and  family  during  all 
hours  when  the  Museum  is  open  to  the  public,  and  free  admis- 
sion for  the  member  and  family  to  all  Museum  lectures  or 
entertainments.  This  membership  will  also  entitle  the  holder 
to  the  courtesies  of  the  membership  privileges  of  every 
Museum  of  note  in  the  United  States  and  Canada,  so  long  as 
the  existing  system  of  cooperative  interchange  of  membership 
tickets  shall  be  maintained,  including  tickets  for  any  lectures 
given  under  the  auspices  of  any  of  the  Museums  during  a  visit 
to  the  cities  in  which  the  cooperative  museums  are  located. 
ARTICLE  II. 

BOARD    OF   TRUSTEES. 

SECTION  1.  The  Board  of  Trustees  shall  consist  of  twenty- 
one  members.  The  respective  members  of  the  Board  now  in 
office,  and  those  who  shall  hereafter  be  elected,  shall  hold  office 

Page  Thirty-seven 


during  life.  Vacancies  occurring  in  the  Board  shall  be  filled  at 
a  regular  meeting  of  the  Board,  upon  the  nomination  of  the 
Executive  Committee  made  at  a  preceding  regular  meeting  of  the 
Board,  by  a  majority  vote  of  the  members  of  the  Board  present. 

SECTION  2.  Regular  meetings  of  the  Board  shall  be  held 
monthly.  Special  meetings  may  be  called  at  any  time  by  the 
President,  and  shall  be  called  by  the  Secretary  upon  the  written 
request  of  three  Trustees.  Five  Trustees  shall  constitute  a 
quorum,  except  for  the  election  of  officers  or  the  adoption  of  the 
Annual  Budget,  when  seven  Trustees  shall  be  required,  but 
meetings  may  be  adjourned  by  any  less  number  from  day  to 
day,  or  to  a  day  fixed,  previous  to  the  next  regular  meeting. 

SECTION  3.  Reasonable  written  notice,  designating  the  'ime 
and  place  of  holding  meetings,  shall  be  given  by  the  Secretary. 

ARTICLE  III. 

HONORARY   TRUSTEES. 

SECTION  1.  As  a  mark  of  respect,  and  in  appreciation  of 
services  performed  for  the  Institution,  those  Trustees  who  by 
reason  of  inability,  on  account  of  change  of  residence,  or  for 
other  cause  or  from  indisposition  to  serve  longer  in  such  capacity 
shall  resign  their  place  upon  the  Board,  may  be  elected,  by  a 
majority  of  those  present  at  any  regular  meeting  of  the  Board, 
an  Honorary  Trustee  for  life.  Such  Honorary  Trustee  will 
receive  notice  of  all  meetings  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  whether 
regular  or  special,  and  will  be  expected  to  be  present  at  all  such 
meetings  and  participate  in  the  deliberations  thereof,  but  an 
Honorary  Trustee  shall  not  have  the  right  to  vote. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

OFFICERS. 

SECTION  1.  The  officers  shall  be  a  President,  a  First  Vice- 
President,  a  Second  Vice-President,  a  Third  Vice-President,  a 
Secretary,  an  Assistant  Secretary  and  a  Treasurer.  They  shall 
be  chosen  by  ballot  by  the  Board  of  Trustees,  a  majority  of  those 
present  and  voting  being  necessary  to  elect.  The  President,  the 
First  Vice-President,  the  Second  Vice-President,  and  the  Third 
Vice-President  shall  be  chosen  from  among  the  members  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees.  The  meeting  for  the  election  of  officers  shall 
be  held  on  the  third  Monday  of  January  of  each  year,  and  shall 
be  called  the  Annual  Meeting. 

SECTION  2.  The  officers  shall  hold  office  for  one  year,  or  until 
their  successors  are  elected  and  qualified,  but  any  officer  may 
be  removed  at  any  regular  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  by 
a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  all  the  members  of  the  Board.  Vacancies 
in  any  office  may  be  filled  by  the  Board  at  any  meeting. 

SECTION  3.  The  officers  shall  perform  such  duties  as  ordi- 
narily appertain  to  their  respective  offices,  and  such  as  shall  be 
prescribed  by  the  By-Laws,  or  designated  from  time  to  time  bj 
the  Board  of  Trustees. 

Page  Thirty-eight 


ARTICLE  V. 

THE    TREASURER. 

SECTION  1.  The  Treasurer  shall  be  custodian  of  the  funds  of 
the  Corporation  except  as  hereinafter  provided.  He  shall  make 
disbursements  only  upon  warrants  drawn  by  the  Director  and 
countersigned  by  the  President.  In  the  absence  or  inability  of 
the  Director,  warrants  may  be  signed  by  the  Chairman  of  the 
Finance  Committee,  and  in  the  absence  or  inability  of  the 
President,  may  be  countersigned  by  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents. 
But  no  warrant  shall  be  issued,  except  in  conformity  with  a 
regularly  prepared  voucher,  giving  the  name  of  the  payee  and 
stating  the  occasion  for  the  expenditure,  and  verified  and 
approved  as  hereinafter  prescribed.  It  shall  be  no  part  of  the 
duties  of  the  Treasurer  to  see  that  the  warrants  have  been 
issued  in  conformity  with  such  vouchers. 

SECTION  2.  The  securities  and  muniments  of  title  belonging 
to  the  Corporation  shall  be  placed  in  the  custody  of  some  Trust 
Company  of  Chicago  to  be  designated  by  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
which  Trust  Company  shall  collect  the  income  and  principal  of 
said  securities  as  the  same  become  due,  and  pay  same  to  the 
Treasurer,  except  as  hereinafter  provided.  Said  Trust  Company 
shall  allow  access  to  and  deliver  any  or  all  securities  or  muni- 
ments of  title  to  the  joint  order  of  the  following  officers,  namely 
the  President  or  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents,  jointly  with  the 
Chairman,  or  one  of  the  Vice-Chairmen,  of  the  Finance  Com- 
mittee of  the  Museum. 

SECTION  3.  The  Treasurer  shall  give  bond  in  such  amount, 
and  with  such  sureties  as  shall  be  approved  by  the  Board  of 
Trustees. 

SECTION  4.  All  vouchers  executed  for  the  payment  of 
liabilities  incurred  in  the  administration  of  the  Museum,  shall  be 
verified  by  the  Auditor,  and  approved  for  payment  by  the 
Director,  and  a  member  of  the  Executive  Committee.  All 
voucher's  executed  for  expenditures  for  the  construction  or 
reconstruction  of  the  Museum  building,  or  buildings,  shall  be 
verified  by  the  Auditor  and  approved  for  payment  by  the  Chair- 
man of  the  Building  Committee.  All  vouchers  executed  in 
connection  with  the  investments  of  the  Corporation,  or  in  any 
way  having  to  do  with  the  endowment  funds  of  the  Corporation, 
shall  bo  verified  by  the  Auditor  and  approved  for  payment  by 
the  Chairman  of  the  Finance  Committee. 

SECTION  5.  The  Harris  Trust  &  Savings  Bank  of  Chicago 
shall  be  Custodian  of  "The  N.  W.  Harris  Public  School  Exten- 
sion of  Field  Museum"  fund.  The  bank  shall  make  disburse- 
ments only  upon  warrants  drawn  by  the  Director  and  counter- 
signed by  the  President.  In  the  absence  or  inability  of  the 
Director,  warrants  may  be  signed  by  the  Chairman  of  the 
Finance  Committee,  and  in  the  absence  or  inability  of  the  Pres- 
ident, may  be  countersigned  by  the  Vice-Presidents.  But  no 

Page  Thirty-nine 


warrant  shall  be  issued,  except  in  conformity  with  a  regularly 
prepared  voucher,  giving  the  name  of  the  payee  and  stating  the 
occasion  for  the  expenditure,  and  verified  and  approved  by  the 
Auditor,  the  Director,  and  a  member  of  the  Executive  Committee. 
It  shall  be  no  part  of  the  duties  of  the  said  Custodian  to  see  that 
the  warrants  have  been  issued  in  conformity  with  such  vouchers. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

THE   DIRECTOR 

SECTION  1.  The  Board  of  Trustees  shall  elect  a  Director  of 
the  Museum,  who  shall  remain  in  office  until  his  successor  shall 
be  elected.  He  shall  have  immediate  charge  and  super  ision  of 
the  Museum,  and  shall  control  the  operations  of  the  Institution, 
subject  to  the  authority  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  and  its  Com- 
mittees. The  Director  shall  be  the  official  medium  of  communi- 
cation between  the  Board,  or  its  Committees,  and  the  scientific 
staff  and  maintenance  force. 

SECTION  2.  There  shall  be  four  scientific  departments  of  the 
Museum — Anthropology,  Botany,  Geology  and  Zoology;  each 
under  the  charge  of  a  Curator,  subject  to  the  authority  of  the 
Director.  The  Curators  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Board  upon 
the  recommendation  of  the  Director,  and  shall  serve  during  the 
pleasure  of  the  Board.  Subordinate  staff  officers  in  the  scientific 
departments  shall  be  appointed  and  removed  by  the  Director 
upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Curators  of  the  respective 
Departments.  The  Director'  shall  have  authority  to  employ 
and  remove  all  other  employees  of  the  Museum. 

SECTION  3.  The  Director  shall  make  report  to  the  Board  at 
each  regular  meeting,  recounting  the  operations  of  the  Museum 
for  the  previous  month.  At  the  Annual  Meeting,  the  Director 
shall  make  an  Annual  Report,  reviewing  the  work  of  the  previous 
year,  which  Annual  Report  shall  be  published  in  pamphlet  form 
for  the  information  of  the  Trustees  and  Members,  and  for  free 
distribution  in  such  number  as  the  Board  may  direct. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

AUDITOR 

SECTION  1.  The  Board  shall  appoint  an  Auditor,  who  shall 
hold  his  office  during  the  pleasure  of  the  Board.  He  shall  keep 
proper  books  of  account,  setting  forth  the  financial  condition 
and  transactions  of  the  Corporation,  and  of  the  Museum,  and 
report  thereon  at  each  regular  meeting,  and  at  such  other  times 
as  may  be  required  by  the  Board.  He  shall  certify  to  the 
correctness  of  all  vouchers  for  the  expenditure  of  the  money  of 
the  Corporation. 

ARTICLE  VIII. 

COMMITTEES. 

SECTION  1.  There  shall  be  five  Committees,  as  follows : 
Finance,  Building,  Auditing,  Pension  and  Executive. 

Page  Forty 


SECTION  2.  The  Finance  Committee  shall  consist  of  five 
members,  the  Auditing  and  Pension  Committees  shall  each  consist 
of  three  members,  and  the  Building  Committee  shall  consist  of  five 
members.  AJ1  members  of  these  four  Committees  shall  be 
elected  by  ballot  by  the  Board  at  the  Annual  Meeting  and  shall 
hold  office  for  one  year,  and  until  their  successors  are  elected 
and  qualified.  In  electing  the  members  of  these  Committees, 
the  Board  shall  designate  the  Chairman  and  Vice-Chairman  by 
the  order  in  which  the  members  are  named  in  the  respective 
Committee;  the  first  member  named  shall  be  Chairman,  the 
second  named  the  Vice-Chairman  and  the  third  named,  Second 
Vice-Chairman,  succession  to  the  Chairmanship  being  in  this 
order  in  the  event  of  the  absence  or  disability  of  the  Chairman. 

SECTION  3.  The  Executive  Committee  shall  consist  of  the 
President  of  the  Board,  the  Chairman  of  the  Finance  Com- 
mittee, the  Chairman  of  the  Building  Committee,  the  Chairman 
of  the  Auditing  Committee,  the  Chairman  of  the  Pension  Com- 
mittee, and  three  other  members  of  the  Board  to  be  elected  by 
ballot  at  the  Annual  Meeting. 

SECTION  4.  Four  members  shall  constitute  a  quorum  of  the 
Executive  Committee,  and  in  all  standing  Committees  two  mem- 
bers shall  constitute  a  quorum.  In  the  event  that,  owing  to  the 
absence  or  inability  of  members,  a  quorum  of  the  regularly 
elected  members  cannot  be  present  at  any  meeting  of  any  Com- 
mittee, then  the  Chairman  thereof,  or  his  successor,  as  herein 
provided,  may  summon  any  members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  to 
act  in  place  of  the  absentee. 

SECTION  5.  Tbe  Finance  Committee  shall  have  supervision 
of  investing  the  endowment  and  other  permanent  funds  of  the 
Corporation,  and  the  care  of  such  real  estate  as  may  become  its 
property.  It  shall  have  authority  to  invest,  sell,  and  reinvest 
funds,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Board. 

SECTION  6.  The  Building  committee  shall  have  supervision 
of  the  construction,  reconstruction,  and  extension  of  any  and  all 
buildings  used  for  Museum  purposes. 

SECTION  7.  The  Executive  Committee  shall  be  called  together 
from  time  to  time  as  the  Chairman  may  consider  necessary,  or  as 
he  may  be  requested  to  do  by  three  members  of  the  Committee, 
to  act  upon  such  matters  affecting  the  administration  of  the 
Museum  as  cannot  await  consideration  at  the  Regular  Monthly 
Meetings  of  the  Board  of  Trustees.  It  shall,  before  the  begin- 
ning of  each  fiscal  year,  prepare  and  submit  to  the  Board  an 
itemized  Budget,  setting  forth  the  probable  receipts  from  all 
sources  for  the  ensuing  year,  and  make  recommendations  as  to 
the  expenditures  which  should  be  made  for  routine  maintenance 
and  fixed  charges.  Upon  the  adoption  of  the  Budget  by  the 
Board,  the  expenditures  as  stated  are  authorized. 

SECTION  8.  The  Auditing  Committee  shall  have  supervision 
over  all  accounting  and  bookkeeping,  and  full  control  of  the 
financial  records.  It  shall  cause  the  same,  once  each  year,  or 

Page  Forty-one 


oftener,  to  be  examined  by  an  expert  individual  or  firm,  and 
shall  transmit  the  report  of  such  expert  individual  or  firm  to 
the  Board  at  the  next  ensuing  regular  meeting  after  such  exam- 
ination shall  have  taken  place. 

SECTION  9.  The  Pension  Committee  shall  determine  by  such 
means  and  processes  as  shall  be  established  by  the  .Board  of 
Trustees  to  whom  and  in  what  amount  the  Pension  Fund  shall 
be  distributed.  These  determinations  or  findings  shall  be  subject 
to  the  approval  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

SECTION  10.  The  Chairman  of  each  Committee  shall  report 
the  acts  and  proceedings  thereof  at  the  next  ensuing  regular 
meeting  of  the  Board. 

SECTION  11.  The  President  shall  be  ex-offlcio  a  ^  X3mber  of 
all  Committees  and  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee. 
Vacancies  occurring  in  any  Committee  may  be  filled  by  ballot  at 
any  regular  meeting  of  the  Board. 

ARTICLE  IX. 

NOMINATING   COMMITTEE 

SECTION  1.  At  the  November  meeting  of  the  Board,  each 
year  a  Nominating  Committee  of  three  shall  be  chosen  by  lot. 
Said  Committee  shall  make  nominations  for  membership  of  the 
Finance  Committee,  the  Building  Committee,  the  Auditing  Com- 
mittee, and  the  Pension  Committee,  and  for  three  members  of 
the  Executive  Committee,  from  among  the  Trustees,  to  be  sub- 
mitted at  the  ensuing  December  meeting  and  voted  upon  at  the 
following  Annual  Meeting  in  January. 

ARTICLE  X. 

SECTION  1.  Whenever  the  word  "Museum"  is  employed  in 
the  By-Laws  of  the  Corporation,  it  shall  be  taken  to  mean  the 
building  in  which  the  Museum  as  an  Institution  is  located  and 
operated,  the  material  exhibited,  the  material  in  study  collec- 
tions, or  in  storage,  furniture,  fixtures,  cases,  tools,  records, 
books,  and  all  appurtenances  of  the  Institution  and  the  workings, 
researches,  installations,  expenditures,  field  work,  laboratories, 
library,  publications,  lecture  courses,  and  all  scientific  and 
maintenance  activities. 

SsqTiON  2.  These  By-Laws  may  be  amended  at  any  regular 
meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  all 
the  members  present,  provided  the  amendment  shall  have  been 
proposed  at  a  preceding  regular  meeting. 


Page   Forty -two 


LIST  OF  CONTRIBUTORS  TO  THE  MUSEUM 
OF  $1,000  AND  OVER 


*  MARSH  ALL  FIELD 
STANLEY  FIELD 
EDWARD  E.  AYER 
CAPT.  MARSHALL  FIELD 

*NORMAN  W.  HARRIS 
JAMES  SIMPSON 
*HARLOW  N.  HIGINBOTHAM 
*GEORGE  M.  PULLMAN 
*MARY  D.  STURGES 

*  JOSEPH  N.  FIELD 
MRS.  T.  B.  BLACKSTONE 
CHARLES  R.  CRANE 
ARTHUR  B. JONES 
MARTIN  A.  RYERSON 
NORMAN  W.  HARRIS    (heirs 

of  the  late) 

CHICAGO  CITY  RAILWAY  Co. 

STANLEY  MCCORMICK 

ROBERT  F.  CUMMINGS 

MARSHALL  FIELD  AND  Co. 

THE  MCCORMICK  ESTATE 

TIFFANY  AND  Co. 
*PHILIP  D.  ARMOUR 
*NORMAN  B.  REAM 

MARVIN  HUGHITT 

ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  RAILROAD 

LAKE  SHORE  AND  MICHIGAN 

SOUTHERN  RAILROAD 
*GEORGE  E.  ADAMS 

CHARLES  L.  HUTCHINSON 
*D.  K.  PEARSONS 
"LAMBERT  TREE 
*J.  W.  DOANE 
*RICHARD  T.  CRANE 
*H.  H.  PORTER 
*ALBERT  A.  SPRAGUE 
*EDSON  KEITH 
*WILLIAM  A.  FULLER 
*A.  C.  BARTLETT 

UNION  STOCK  YARDS  AND 
TRANSFER  Co. 


WILLIAM  WRIGLEY,  JR. 
WILLIAM  J.  CHALMERS 
AMERICAN  EXPRESS  Co. 
CARSON,  PIRIE,  SCOTT  AND 

Co. 

JAMES  J.  HILL 
CYRUS  H.  MCCORMICK 
HOMER  E.  SARGENT 
STANDARD  OIL  Co. 
COL.  ALBERT  A.  SPRAGUE 
*FREDERICK  J.  V.  SKIFF 
MCCORMICK  HARVESTER 

MACHINERY  Co. 
SWIFT  AND  Co. 
MRS.  FRANCES  E.  OGDEN 
DRAKE,  PARKER  AND  Co. 
HIBBARD,  SPENCER, 

BARTLETT  AND  Co. 
MERCHANTS  LOAN  AND 

TRUST  Co. 
MRS.  ROBERT  F.  CUMMINGS 

SCHLESINGER   AND    MAYER 

W.  G.  HIBBARD 
WATSON  F.  BLAIR 
GEORGE  F.  PORTER 
WILLIAM  W.  SHAW 
GEORGE  MANIERRE 
CRANE  Co. 

W.  DEERING  AND  Co. 
J.  V.  FARWELL  AND  Co. 
RAND  MCNALLY  AND  Co. 
REID,  MURDOCH  AND  Co. 
SPRAGUE,  WARNER  AND  Co. 
MONTGOMERY  WARD  AND] Co. 
WASHINGTON  PARK  CLUB 
M.  D.  WELLS  AND  Co. 
ILLINOIS  TRUST  AND 

SAVINGS  BANK 
NATIONAL  BANK  OF  ILLINOIS 
POTTER  PALMER 
SAM'L  E.  BARRETT 

'DECEASED 


Page  Forty-three 


HONORARY  MEMBERS 

AYER,  EDWARD  E.  BLACKSTONE,  MRS.  T.  B. 

AVER,  MRS.  EDWARD  E.  FIELD,  STANLEY 

McCoRMiCK,  STANLEY 


PATRONS 

ARMOUR,  ALLISON  V.  KENNEDY,  VERNON  SHAW 

BUTLER,  EDWARD  B.  MANIERRE,  GEORGE 

COLLINS,  ALFRED  M.  MARKHAM,  CHARLES  H. 

DAY,  LEE  GARNETT  MILLER,  JOHN  S. 

GRAHAM,  ERNEST  R.  PAYNE,  JOHN  BARTON 

HUTCHINSON,  CHARLES  L.  SARGENT,  HOMER  E. 

JONES,  ARTHUR  B.  SIMPSON,  JAMES 
SMITH,  WILLARD  A. 


Page  Forty-four 


CORPORATE  MEMBERS 


ALOIS,  OWEN  F. 
ARMOUR  ALLISON  V. 
AVER,  EDWARD  E. 

BLAIR,  WATSON  F. 
BORDEN,  JOHN 
BUTLER,  EDWARD  B. 
BYRAM,  HARRY  E. 

CHALMERS,  WILLIAM  J. 
CHATFIELD-TAYLOR,  H.  C. 
COLLINS,  ALFRED  M. 
CRANE,  JR.,  RICHARD  T. 

DAVIES,  D.  C. 
DAY,  LEE  GARNETT 

EASTMAN,  SIDNEY  C. 
ELLSWORTH,  JAMES  W. 

FIELD,  MARSHALL 
FIELD,  STANLEY 

GAGE,  LYMAN  J. 
GRAHAM,  ERNEST  R. 

HARRIS,  ALBERT  W. 


HUTCHINSON,  CHARLES  L. 
JONES,  ARTHUR  B. 

KEEP,  CHAUNCEY 
KENNEDY,  VERNON  SHAW 
KOHLSAAT,  HERMAN  H. 

McCoRMiCK,  CYRUS  H. 
MANIERRE,  GEORGE 
MARKHAM,  CHARLES  H. 
MITCHELL,  JOHN  J. 

PAYNE,  JOHN  BARTON 
PECK,  FERDINAND  W. 
PORTER,  GEORGE  F. 

RYERSON,  MARTIN  A. 

SARGENT,  HOMER  E. 
SIMPSON,  JAMES 
SMITH,  SOLOMON  A. 
SMITH,  WILLARD  A. 
SPRAGUE,  ALBERT  A. 
STONE,  MELVILLE  E. 

WRIGLEY,  JR.,  WILLIAM 


Pago  Forty-five 


LIFE  MEMBERS 


ADAMS,  MILWARD 
ALOIS,  ARTHUR  T. 
ALOIS,  OWEN  F. 
ALEXANDER,  WILLIAM  A. 
ALLEN,  BENJAMIN 
ALLERTON,  ROBERT  H. 
AMES,  JAMES  C. 
AMES,  KNOWLTON  L. 
ARMOUR,  A.  WATSON 
ARMOUR,  J.  OGDEN 
ARMOUR,  LESTER 

BAKER,  Miss  ISABELLE 
BANKS,  ALEXANDER  F. 
BARRELL,  FINLEY 
BARRETT,  MRS.  A.  D. 
BARRETT,  ROBERT  L. 
BASSFORD,  LOWELL  C. 
BEALE,  WILLIAM  G. 
BECKER,  A.  G. 
BANCROFT,  EDGAR  A. 
BILLINGS,  C.  K.  G. 
BILLINGS,  FRANK 
BLACKSTONE,  MRS.  T.  B. 
ELAINE,  MRS.  EMMONS 
BLAIR,  HENRY  A. 
BLAIR,  WATSON  F. 
BLOCK,  P.  D. 
BOOTH,  W.  VERNON 
BORDEN,  JOHN 
BORLAND,  CHAUNCEY  B. 
BOYNTON,  C.  T. 
BRIDGE,  NORMAN 
BREWSTER,  WALTER  S. 
BROWN,  WILLIAM  L. 
BUCHANAN,  D.  W. 
BUFFINGTON,  EUGENE  J. 
BURNHAM,  JOHN 
BUTLER,  EDWARD  B. 
BYLLESBY,  H.  M. 

CARR,  CLYDE  M. 
CARR,  ROBERT  F. 
CARRY,  EDWARD  F. 
CARTON,  L.  A. 
CHALMERS,  WILLIAM  J. 
CLARK,  EUGENE  B. 
CLAY,  JOHN 


CLOW,  WILLIAM  E. 
COBE,  IRA  M. 
CRAMER,  CORWITH 
CRANE,  CHARLES  RICHARD 
CRANE,  JR.,  RICHARD  T. 
CROWELL,  H.  P. 
CUDAHY,  JOSEPH  M. 
CUMMINGS,  D.  MARK 
CUNNINGHAM,  FRANK  S. 

DAU,  J.  J. 
DAWES,  CHARLES  G. 
DAY,  ALBERT  M. 
DECKER,  ALFRED 
DEFREES,  JOSEPH  H. 
DEERING,  CHARLES 
DEERING,  JAMES 
DELANO,  FREDERIC  A. 
DICK,  ALBERT  BLAKE 
DONNELLEY,  REUBEN  H. 
DONNELLEY,  THOMAS  E. 
DRAKE,  JOHN  B. 
DRAKE,  TRACY  C. 

ECKHART,  B.  A. 
EDMUNDS,  PHILIP  S. 

FAIR,  ROBERT  M. 
FARNUM,  HENRY  W. 
FARWELL,  ARTHUR  L. 
FAR  WELL,  FRANCIS  C. 
FARWELL,  JOHN  V. 
FARWELL,  WALTER 
FAY,  C.  N. 
FELT,  DORR  E. 
FERGUSON,  Louis  A. 
FERNALD,  GUSTAVUS  S. 
FIELD,  MARSHALL 
FIELD,  STANLEY 
FORGAN,  DAVID  R. 
FORGAN,  JAMES  B. 
FORSYTH,  ROBERT 
FYFFE,  COLIN  C.  H. 

GARTZ,  A.  F. 
GARY,  JOHN  W. 
GETZ,  GEORGE  F. 
GLESSNER,  JOHN  J. 
GODDARD,  LEROY  A. 


Page    Forty-six 


GOODMAN,  WILLIAM  O. 
GOODRICH,  A.  W. 
GRISCOM,  CLEMENT  A. 

HAMILL,  ERNEST  A. 
HASKELL,  FREDERICK  T. 
HASTINGS,  SAMUEL  M. 
HIBBARD,  FRANK 
HILL,  Louis  W. 
HINDE,  THOMAS  W. 
HOPKINS,  J.  M. 
HOPKINS,  L.  J. 
HOROWITZ,  L.  J. 
HOXIE,  MRS.  JOHN  R. 
HOYT,  N.  LANDON 
HUGHITT,  MARVIN 
HULBERT,  E.  D. 
HULBURD,  CHARLES  H. 
HUTCHINSON,  C.  L. 

INSULL,  SAMUEL 

JELKE,  JOHN  F. 
JOHNSON,  MRS.  E.  AYER 
JONES,  ARTHUR  B. 
JONES,  DAVID  B. 
JONES,  THOMAS  D. 

KEEP,  CHAUNCEY 
KELLER,  THEODORE  C. 
KELLEY,  WILLIAM  V. 
KING,  CHARLES  GARFIELD 
KING,  FRANCIS 
KING,  JAMES  G. 
KIRK,  WALTER  RADCLIFPE 
KUPPENHEIMER,  LOUIS  B. 

LAMONT,  ROBERT  P. 
LAWSON,  VICTOR  F. 
LEHMANN,  E.  J. 
LEONARD,  CLIFFORD  M. 
LOGAN,  SPENCER  H. 
LORD,  JOHN  B. 
LOWDEN,  FRANK  0. 
LYTTON,  HENRY  C. 

McCORMICK,    MRS. 

McCoRMiCK,  CYRUS  H. 
MCCORMICK,  HAROLD  F. 
MCELWEE,  ROBERT  H. 

MclNNERNEY,    THOS.    H. 

MCKINLAY,  JOHN 


MCKINLOCK,  GEORGE  A. 
MCLAUGHLIN,  FREDERIC 
MCLAUGHLIN,  GEO.  D. 
MCLENNAN,  D.  R. 
MCNULTY,  T.  J. 
MCWILLIAMS,  LAFAYETTE 
MACVEAGH,  FRANKLIN 

MARK,  CLAYTON 
MARSHALL,  B.  H. 
MARTIN,  WILLIAM  P. 
MASON,  WILLIAM  S. 
MINER,  W.  H. 
MITCHELL,  JOHN  J. 
MOORE,  EDWARD  S. 
MORSE,  JR.,  CHARLES  H. 
MORTON,  JOY 
MORTON,  MARK 
MUNROE,  CHARLES  A. 

NATHAN,  ADOLPH 
NEWELL,  A.  B. 

ORR,  ROBERT  M. 

PALMER,  HONORE 
PALMER,  POTTER 
PAM,  MAX 
PATTEN,  HENRY  J. 
PAYNE,  JOHN  BARTON 
PEABODY,  AUGUSTUS  S. 
PEABODY,  FRANCIS  S. 
PIEZ,  CHARLES 
PIKE,  CHARLES  B. 
PINKERTON,  WILLIAM  A. 
PORTER,  FRANK  WINSLOW 
PORTER,  GEORGE  F. 
PORTER,  H.  H. 

RAWSON,  FREDERICK  H. 
REAM,  MRS.,  CAROLINE  P. 
REVELL,  ALEXANDER  H. 
REYNOLDS,  GEORGE  M. 
ROBINSON,  THEODORE  W. 
ROSENWALD,  JULIUS 
RUNNELLS,  CLIVE 
RUNNELLS,  JOHN  S. 
RUSSELL,  EDMUND  A. 
RUSSELL,  EDWARD  P. 
RYERSON,  MRS.  CARRIE  H. 
RYERSON,  EDWARD  L. 
RYERSON,  MARTIN  A. 


Page  Forty-seven 


SCHWEPPE,  CHARLES  H. 
SCOTT,  GEORGE  E. 
SCOTT,  HAROLD  N. 
SCOTT,  JOHN  W. 
SHAFFER,  JOHN  C. 
SHEDD,  JOHN  G. 
SIMPSON,  JAMES 
SMITH,  ALEXANDER 
SMITH,  ORSON 
SMITH,  SOLOMON  A. 
SOPER,  JAMES  P. 
SPOOR,  JOHN  A. 
SPRAGUE,  ALBERT  A. 
STEWART,  ROBERT  W. 
STOUT,  FRANK  D. 
STRAWN,  SILAS  H. 
STUART,  ROBERT 
STURGES,  GEORGE 
SUNNY,  B.  E. 
SWIFT,  CHARLES  H. 
SWIFT,  EDWARD  F. 
SWIFT,  JR.,  G.  F. 
SWIFT,  Louis  F. 


THORNE,  CHARLES  H. 
THORNE,  ROBERT  J. 

UPHAM,  FREDERIC  W. 

VAN  VECHTEN,  RALPH 
VEATCH,  GEORGE  L. 
VILES,  LAWRENCE  M. 

WETMORE,  FRANK  O. 
WILLARD,  ALONZO  J. 
WILLITS,  WARD  W. 
WHEELER,  CHARLES  P. 
WILSON,  OLIVER  T. 
WILSON,  THOMAS  E. 
WILSON,  WALTER  H. 
WINSTON,  GARRARD  B. 
WINTER,  WALLACE  C. 
WOOLLEY,  CLARENCE  M. 
WRIGLEY,  JR.,  WILLIAM 

YATES,  DAVID  M. 


ASSOCIATE  MEMBER 
MARVIN  B.  POOL 


Page  Forty-eight 


ANNUAL  MEMBERS 


ADAMS,  CYRUS  H. 
ADAMS,  MILWARD 
ARMOUR,  GEORGE  A. 

BAILEY,  EDWARD  P. 
BELDEN,  JOSEPH  G. 
BOAL,  CHARLES  T. 
BURLEY,  CLARENCE  A. 

COMSTOCK,  WILLIAM  C. 

CUMMINGS,  E.  A. 

CURTIS,  FRANCES  H. 

ElSENDRATH,  W.  N. 

FIELD,  HENRY 
FRANK  HENRY  L. 
FULLER,  O.  F. 

GLESSNER,  J.  J. 
GREY,  CHARLES  F. 
GURLEY,  W.  W. 


HITCHCOCK,  R.  M. 
HOLT,  GEORGE  H. 
HYRNEWETSKY,  STEPHEN 

JENKINS,  DR.  GEORGE  H. 
JONES,  J.  S. 

LAMB,  FRANK  H. 
LINCOLN,  ROBERT  T. 
LINN,  W.  R. 
LOGAN,  F.  G. 


MAGEE,  HENRY  W. 
MANSURE,  E.  L. 
MAYER,  LEVY 
McCREA,  W.  S. 
MEYER,  MRS.  M.  A. 
MOORE,  N.  G. 
MULLIKEN,  A.  H. 


PALMER,  PERCIVAL  B. 
PARKER,  FRANCIS  W. 
PEARSON,  MRS.  EUGENE  H. 

RIPLEY,  MRS.  E.  P. 

ROSENFELD,  MRS.  MAURICE 

SCHMIDT,  DR.  O  L. 
SCHWARTZ,  G.  A. 
SHORTALL,  JOHN  L. 
SKINNER,  THE  MISSES 
SOPER,  JAMES  P. 
SPENCE,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  E. 
STOCKTON,  JOHN  T. 

THROOP,  GEORGE  ENOS 

WACKER,  CHARLES  H. 
WALKER,  JAMES  R. 
WALLER,  EDWARD  C. 
WHITEHEAD,  W.  M. 
WILSON,  MRS.  E.  CRANE 
WILSON,  M.  H. 
WORCESTER,  MRS.  CHARLES  H. 


Page  Forty-nine 


GENERAL  INFORMATION 

LOCATION 

The  Museum  is  situated  in  Grant  Park  with  the  main  en- 
trance facing  Eoosevelt  Road  extended  east.  The  Illinois  Central 
main  and  suburban  station  at  Park  Row  is  within  two  blocks  of 
the  Museum.  Street  car  and  elevated  lines  on  Wabash  Avenue 
or  State  Street  to  Roosevelt  Road  also  provide  transportation  to 
within  a  few  blocks  of  the  Museum. 

HOURS  AND  RULES  OF  ADMISSION 
The  Museum  is  open  to  the  public  during  the  following  hours: 

November,  December,  January  10  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m. 

February,  March,  April,  October  10  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

May,  June,  July,  August,  September  10  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

On  Sundays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays  admission  is  free.  On 
other  days  an  admission  fee  of  25c  is  charged.  Children  Free. 
Students,  professors  and  teachers  in  attendance  at  any  recognized 
University,  College,  School  or  Institute  are  admitted  free  upon 
presentation  of  proper  credentials.  No  return  admission  checks 
are  issued. 

MUSEUM  GUIDE-LECTURER 

At  the  hours  of  11 :00  and  3 :00,  on  Monday,  Tuesday,  Wednes- 
day and  Friday  of  each  week,  the  Guide-lecturer  conducts  tours 
through  various  sections  of  the  Museum.  Each  tour  lasts  about 
an  hour  and  may  be  taken,  without  charge,  by  any  Museum  visi- 
tor. The  services  of  the  Guide-lecturer  may  also  be  engaged, 
without  charge,  by  clubs,  conventions,  classes  from  public,  paro- 
chial and  private  schools,  or  other  parties  of  ten  or  more  indivi- 
duals. Written  application  for  this  service  should  be  made  to 
the  Director  of  the  Museum  at  least  a  week  in  advance  of  the 
intended  visit. 

CHECKING 

Canes,  umbrellas  and  parcels  must  be  checked  at  the  entrances. 
A  fee  of  5c  is  charged  for  this  service. 

INFORMATION 

Information  concerning  the  Museum  and  its  activities  may  be 
obtained  at  the  main  entrance,  where  the  Scientific  Publications 

Page  Fifty 


of  the  Museum,  Guides,  Photographs  and  Picture  Post  Cards  are 
sold. 

THE  LIBRARY 

The  Library  is  open  for  reference  daily  except  Sundays.     The 
Library  contains  approximately  80,000  volumes  and  pamphlets. 

TELEPHONE 

A  Public  Telephone  will  be  found  to  the  east  of  the  Main 
Entrance. 


Copies  of  many  photographs  made  by  the  Museum  pho- 
tographer are  on  sale  at  the  main  entrance. 

Photographing  and  sketching  in  the  Museum  are  permitted 
under  certain  restrictions,  details  of  which  may  be  obtained  upon 
application  at  the  Director's  office. 

RESEARCH  COLLECTIONS 

The  research  collections  and  laboratories  of  the  Museum  are 
established  on  the  third  floor.  They  are  not  open  to  the  general 
public,  but  may  be  consulted  by  students,  specialists,  and  invest- 
igators upon  request  to  the  Curators  in  charge. 

MEMBERSHIPS 

Life  members  who  contribute  $500.00 

Associate  members  who  contribute  100.00 

Sustaining  members  who  contribute  annually 25.00 

Annual  members  who  contribute  annually 10.00 


l*nge  Fijty-one 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


